The archipelago is a crucial habitat for seabirds, including significant colonies of Balearic shearwaters, Audouin's gulls, and European storm petrels. The islands support endemic lizards like the Lilford's wall lizard, while the surrounding waters host diverse marine life including dolphins, sea turtles, and over 200 fish species. The absence of large terrestrial predators has allowed for unique ecological developments. Notable marine species include groupers, barracudas, and various coral species. The park is also an important stopover point for migratory birds crossing the Mediterranean.
The park hosts over 450 documented plant species, with 20 endemic to the Balearic Islands. The vegetation is adapted to the harsh Mediterranean conditions, featuring drought-resistant species like wild olive trees, mastic shrubs, and Aleppo pines. Notable endemic species include the Balearic foxglove (Digitalis minor) and Cabrera sea lavender (Limonium caprariense). The coastal areas support specialized communities of halophytic plants adapted to salt spray, while the interior harbors Mediterranean scrubland communities. Marine flora includes extensive Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows, crucial for the marine ecosystem.
The archipelago consists of 19 limestone islands and islets formed during the Alpine orogeny, sharing geological characteristics with the nearby Mallorca's southern mountains. The main island, Cabrera, features dramatic limestone cliffs, caves, and coves carved by wave action. The highest point is Na Picamosques at 172 meters above sea level. The islands' karst topography has created numerous caves and underground formations, while coastal erosion has shaped distinctive features like natural arches and sea caves. The archipelago represents a submerged extension of the southern mountains of Mallorca.
The Cabrera Archipelago has a rich history dating back to ancient times, serving as a strategic point in the Mediterranean. Phoenicians, Romans, and Arabs all left their mark on these islands. The archipelago gained notoriety during the Napoleonic Wars when it served as a prison camp for French soldiers from 1809-1814, resulting in thousands of deaths due to harsh conditions. Following years of military use, the islands were declared a national park in 1991, becoming Spain's first Maritime-Terrestrial National Park. This designation has helped preserve both its marine and terrestrial ecosystems while acknowledging its historical significance.
Key attractions include the 14th-century Cabrera Castle, offering panoramic views of the archipelago, and the Blue Cave (Cova Blava), known for its stunning blue reflections. The pristine beaches, particularly Es Pagès and Sa Platgeta, offer excellent swimming and snorkeling opportunities. The park's waters contain numerous diving sites featuring underwater caves, coral formations, and abundant marine life. The historic lighthouse at N'Ensiola Cape and the museum documenting the French prisoners' history are significant cultural sites. The park's visitor center provides educational exhibits and information about the archipelago's ecology and history.
The Cabrera Archipelago experiences a typical Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters. Average summer temperatures range from 25-30°C (77-86°F), while winter temperatures rarely drop below 10°C (50°F). The archipelago receives approximately 400mm of annual rainfall, mostly during autumn and winter months. Strong winds, particularly the northern Tramuntana, can affect the islands throughout the year, making sea conditions variable. The waters around the archipelago maintain relatively stable temperatures, ranging from 14°C in winter to 26°C in summer.
Spain
39.1520°, 2.9420°
April 29, 1991
100.21
A pristine archipelago consisting of 19 small islands and islets in the Mediterranean Sea. The park is renowned for its marine biodiversity and well-preserved ecosystem. It serves as an important refuge for seabirds and features crystal-clear waters perfect for diving and snorkeling.