Atlantic Islands of Galicia

The archipelago is a crucial habitat for diverse wildlife, particularly seabirds. It hosts the largest breeding colony of yellow-legged gulls in the world and significant populations of European shags and cormorants. Marine mammals such as bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises are frequently spotted in the surrounding waters. The underwater ecosystem supports a rich variety of fish species, including sardines, octopus, and various crustaceans. The islands also provide habitat for unique reptile species, including the ocellated lizard, and serve as an important stopover point for migratory birds.

The park hosts over 400 plant species, including several endemic to the region. The vegetation is adapted to the harsh maritime conditions, with species resistant to salt spray and strong winds. Notable plant communities include coastal heathland, featuring heather and gorse, and unique dune ecosystems with specialized plants like sea holly and maritime pine forests. The islands also harbor important populations of rare species such as Armeria pungens and Corema album. Marine flora is equally significant, with extensive seagrass meadows and diverse seaweed communities that provide crucial habitat for marine life.

The park's islands are the exposed peaks of an ancient mountain range that extends along the coast of Galicia, formed primarily of granite and gneiss. The geological formation dates back to the Hercynian orogeny, roughly 300 million years ago. Erosion by wind and sea has created dramatic coastal features including cliffs, caves, and natural arches. The islands showcase various geological formations, from sandy beaches and dunes to rocky outcrops and steep cliffs rising up to 200 meters above sea level. The underwater topography is equally diverse, with submarine canyons and extensive rocky platforms creating rich marine ecosystems.

The Atlantic Islands of Galicia experience a typical oceanic climate characterized by mild temperatures throughout the year. Summers are pleasant with average temperatures between 20-25°C (68-77°F), while winters remain moderate, rarely dropping below 10°C (50°F). The islands receive significant rainfall, particularly from October to April, with annual precipitation averaging 1,000-1,500mm. Strong Atlantic winds are common, especially during winter months, and the area experiences high humidity due to its maritime location. The best time to visit is during summer (June-September) when weather conditions are most stable and favorable for outdoor activities.

The Atlantic Islands of Galicia have been inhabited since ancient times, with evidence of human presence dating back to Roman periods. The islands played significant roles as strategic maritime locations, with the Cíes Islands serving as bases for both Viking raiders and later pirates. In the Middle Ages, several monasteries were established on the islands, particularly on Ons Island. The area's rich fishing grounds have sustained local communities for centuries, with traditional fishing practices still visible today. The archipelago was declared a National Park in 2002, becoming Spain's 13th National Park and the country's first Maritime-Terrestrial National Park, recognizing both its marine and terrestrial ecological importance.

The park's most distinctive features include the Cíes Islands' Rodas Beach, often cited as one of the world's best beaches, with its pristine white sand and crystal-clear waters. The lighthouse systems across the islands, particularly the Cíes Lighthouse, offer spectacular viewpoints. The park's underwater archaeological sites, including numerous shipwrecks, add historical interest. The unique combination of marine and terrestrial ecosystems creates exceptional biodiversity, while the dramatic coastal landscapes, including the famous 'Cathedral' rock formation on the Cíes Islands, provide stunning photo opportunities. The park's clear waters make it an excellent location for snorkeling and diving, offering visibility up to 20 meters in good conditions.