The park hosts a diverse array of wildlife, with particular significance for its invertebrate fauna, including over 1,000 identified species with a high rate of endemism. Notable vertebrates include the Bolle's pigeon and laurel pigeon, both endemic to the Canary Islands and dependent on the laurel forest habitat. The park also provides sanctuary for the Canary Islands lizard, several species of bats, and numerous endemic insects and mollusks. The isolation of the islands has led to the evolution of unique subspecies found nowhere else on Earth.
Garajonay's crown jewel is its pristine laurel forest (laurisilva), one of the largest and best-preserved examples of this ancient ecosystem that once covered much of Southern Europe. The forest contains over 450 plant species, including eight species of evergreen laurel trees, tree heathers reaching heights of 20 meters, and numerous endemic species. The most characteristic trees include Canary laurel, Canary holly, and picconia, forming a dense canopy draped with lichens and mosses. This remarkable vegetation community represents a living remnant of the Tertiary period, making it an invaluable scientific resource.
The park's foundation consists primarily of volcanic materials formed during three major periods of activity, with the oldest rocks dating back approximately 10 million years. The landscape features a central plateau reaching 1,487 meters at Alto de Garajonay, deeply carved by numerous ravines and valleys. Basaltic rocks dominate the terrain, while the weathering of volcanic materials has created rich, deep soils that support the lush vegetation. The park's complex topography and varying altitudes create distinct microclimates that contribute to its remarkable biodiversity.
Garajonay National Park, established in 1981 and designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986, carries deep cultural significance tied to the aboriginal Guanches people. The park's name derives from the tragic legend of Gara and Jonay, star-crossed lovers from rival tribes. Archaeological remains found within the park boundaries provide evidence of ancient Guanche settlements and their traditional uses of the forest. The area's laurel forest has remained remarkably preserved since the Tertiary period, making it a living fossil of the subtropical forests that once covered much of Southern Europe and North Africa millions of years ago.
The park's most distinctive feature is its ancient laurel forest, creating an ethereal landscape often shrouded in mist. The Alto de Garajonay summit offers panoramic views across La Gomera and neighboring Canary Islands on clear days. The network of well-maintained hiking trails includes the circular route to La Laguna Grande, a popular recreational area, and the dramatic Benchijigua Valley viewpoint. Visitors can also explore traditional villages on the park's periphery, ancient stone walls, and sacred rocks tied to Guanche culture. The Juego de Bolas Visitor Centre provides comprehensive exhibits on the park's natural and cultural heritage.
Garajonay National Park experiences a unique subtropical climate characterized by year-round mild temperatures averaging 15-20°C (59-68°F). The park's high altitude and location in the path of trade winds creates a persistent sea of clouds that bathes the forest in mist, maintaining high humidity levels between 75-90%. This phenomenon, known locally as 'horizontal rain,' provides crucial moisture for the laurel forest ecosystem. Rainfall is most frequent in winter months, though the cloud forest remains humid throughout the year.
Spain
28.1310°, -17.2350°
1981
39.84
Home to a unique laurel forest ecosystem that covered much of Southern Europe millions of years ago. The park's ancient forests are often shrouded in mist and clouds, creating a mystical atmosphere. It represents one of the best examples of laurisilva forests in the world.