Wildlife in the Caldera includes several endemic species adapted to its unique environment. The most notable is the La Palma giant lizard (Gallotia auaritae), once thought extinct but rediscovered in 2007. The park is also home to numerous bird species, including the Canary Islands chiffchaff and the blue chaffinch, found nowhere else in the world. Various bat species inhabit the park's caves, while invertebrates like the Canary Islands wolf spider represent the park's rich arthropod diversity. The isolation of the islands has led to high levels of endemism among its fauna.
The park hosts over 800 plant species, including 35 endemic to La Palma island. The vegetation varies dramatically with altitude, featuring Canary Island Pine forests that dominate the upper slopes, showing remarkable adaptation to fire. The crater floor harbors unique riparian species along its watercourses, while the rocky walls support specialized cliff-dwelling plants. Notable endemic species include the La Palma violet (Viola palmensis) and various species of rock plants (Aeonium). The park's varied microclimates create distinct ecological zones supporting this diverse botanical heritage.
Despite its name, the Caldera de Taburiente isn't actually a volcanic crater but rather an enormous erosion crater spanning 8 kilometers in diameter and up to 2,000 meters deep. Formed over millions of years through a combination of erosion, landslides, and volcanic activity, its distinctive horseshoe shape was created when the western wall collapsed into the sea. The area features dramatic basalt formations, deep ravines, and the iconic Roque de Los Muchachos peak at 2,426 meters. Ancient pillow lavas and other volcanic structures reveal the area's complex geological history.
The Caldera has deep cultural significance dating back to the aboriginal Benahoaritas who considered it sacred ground. Spanish conquistadors arrived in the 15th century, naming it 'Caldera' due to its bowl-like shape, though it was later discovered not to be a true volcanic caldera. The area gained National Park status in 1954, becoming Spain's third national park. The site has historically served as an astronomical observation point due to its exceptional atmospheric conditions, leading to the establishment of several major observatories in the region.
The park's most striking features include the Roque de Los Muchachos observatory, offering some of the world's clearest astronomical viewing conditions. The Cascada de Los Colores waterfall displays stunning mineral-tinted waters, while the ancient Fuente Santa (Holy Spring) holds historical significance. The network of hiking trails, including the famous Cumbrecita viewpoint, provides access to spectacular vistas of the crater interior. The park also contains numerous archaeological sites with rock carvings and settlements from the Benahoarita period, adding cultural significance to its natural wonders.
The Caldera de Taburiente enjoys a Mediterranean climate moderated by its unique topography and Atlantic influences. Temperatures remain mild year-round, typically ranging from 12-25°C (54-77°F), with higher elevations experiencing cooler conditions. The caldera creates its own microclimate, often trapping clouds against the crater walls and producing localized rainfall patterns. Winters are mild and relatively wet, while summers stay pleasantly warm with very little precipitation. The best time to visit is spring (March-May) or autumn (September-November) when temperatures are ideal for hiking and visibility is typically excellent.
Spain
28.7270°, -17.8670°
October 6, 1954
46.9
Features a massive erosion crater with steep walls rising up to 2,000 meters high. The park contains dense Canarian pine forests, numerous springs, and waterfalls. Its unique geological formations and endemic species make it one of the most spectacular parks in the Canary Islands.