Thattekad

The sanctuary is renowned for its exceptional avian diversity, hosting over 280 species of birds including the rare Ceylon Frogmouth, Malabar Grey Hornbill, and White-bellied Treepie. Notable mammals include the Indian Grey Mongoose, Malabar Giant Squirrel, and Small-clawed Otter. The area also supports various species of reptiles, amphibians, and butterflies, making it a crucial biodiversity hotspot in the Western Ghats.

Thattekad's vegetation consists of semi-evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, and riparian woodland. The sanctuary hosts over 300 species of flowering plants, including valuable timber species like teak, rosewood, and mahogany. The understory is rich in medicinal plants, bamboo groves, and various endemic species. Unique to the region are several species of orchids and epiphytes that thrive in the humid forest environment.

The sanctuary is situated in the foothills of the Western Ghats, characterized by undulating terrain with elevations ranging from 100 to 300 meters above sea level. The landscape is shaped by the Periyar River, which forms its northern boundary, creating a diverse topography of riverine forests, marshes, and scattered rocky outcrops. The soil is primarily lateritic, supporting rich vegetation and creating numerous microhabitats essential for the sanctuary's biodiversity.

Thattekad experiences a tropical climate with moderate temperatures year-round, typically ranging from 23°C to 35°C (73-95°F). The region receives both southwest and northeast monsoons, with heavy rainfall between June and November. The best time to visit is from December to March when the weather is pleasantly cool and dry, offering optimal conditions for bird watching and outdoor activities. Humidity levels remain relatively high throughout the year due to the sanctuary's proximity to the Periyar River and dense forest cover.

Thattekad Bird Sanctuary, also known as Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, was established in 1983 following the recommendation of renowned ornithologist Dr. Salim Ali, who described it as 'the richest bird habitat in peninsular India.' The sanctuary was created to protect the unique avian ecosystem he discovered during his surveys in the 1930s. The area has historically been part of the traditional territories of local forest-dwelling communities and was once a hunting ground for the royal families of Travancore.

Thattekad offers unique opportunities for bird watching with specialized guided tours and photography sessions. The sanctuary features several well-maintained nature trails, observation towers, and a comprehensive interpretation center. The Periyar River adds to the sanctuary's appeal, offering boat rides and glimpses of riverside wildlife. The sanctuary also serves as an important research station for ornithological studies and hosts various conservation programs throughout the year.