Udanti is renowned for its population of wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), which is one of the sanctuary's flagship species. Other notable mammals include tigers, leopards, sloth bears, Indian gaur, and various deer species like sambar and spotted deer. The sanctuary is also home to numerous bird species, including peacocks, red junglefowl, and various raptors. Reptiles such as pythons, cobras, and monitor lizards are commonly found. The diverse insect life includes numerous butterfly species that add to the sanctuary's biodiversity.
The sanctuary supports a rich diversity of vegetation, primarily comprising Southern tropical dry deciduous forests. Major tree species include Sal (Shorea robusta), Teak (Tectona grandis), Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), and Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus). The understory is rich in medicinal plants and herbs. During the monsoon season, the sanctuary transforms with lush greenery and numerous seasonal flowers. The forest canopy varies in density, creating diverse microhabitats that support various wildlife species.
The sanctuary is characterized by undulating terrain with hills and valleys typical of the Central Indian landscape. The elevation ranges from 525 to 1,100 meters above sea level. The area features predominantly red and yellow soil types, with some regions having black cotton soil. The topography is marked by numerous seasonal streams and the perennial Udanti River, which creates a diverse mix of habitats. The underlying rock structure consists mainly of granite and gneiss, with scattered deposits of limestone and quartzite.
Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1983 as part of India's efforts to protect its diverse wildlife. The sanctuary gets its name from the Udanti River that flows through it. Historically, the area was part of the princely state of Kanker and served as hunting grounds for local rulers. The region has also been home to various indigenous tribal communities who have lived in harmony with the forest for generations. In recent years, the sanctuary has gained importance as a crucial habitat for the endangered wild buffalo and has been integrated into the Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve.
The sanctuary's most distinctive feature is the Udanti River system, which provides a crucial water source for wildlife throughout the year. Several natural salt licks attract herbivores and create excellent wildlife viewing opportunities. The sanctuary contains multiple watchtowers and hiking trails that offer visitors chances to observe wildlife in their natural habitat. The presence of tribal villages in the buffer zone provides insights into traditional forest-dependent lifestyles. The sanctuary also serves as an important corridor for wildlife movement between adjacent protected areas, making it crucial for regional conservation efforts.
Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary experiences a typical tropical climate with three distinct seasons. Summers (March to June) are hot and dry with temperatures reaching up to 45°C, while winters (November to February) are mild and pleasant with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 25°C. The monsoon season (July to September) brings moderate to heavy rainfall, averaging 1,200-1,500mm annually. The best time to visit is between November and March when the weather is most comfortable for wildlife viewing and outdoor activities.
India
20.0830°, 82.4170°
1983
247.59
Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its population of wild buffalo and diverse flora. The sanctuary features dense sal forests and grasslands that support various wildlife species. It serves as an important corridor for wildlife movement in the region.