The sanctuary hosts a diverse array of wildlife, particularly known for its rich avian fauna with over 200 species of birds including resident and migratory waterfowl. Common sightings include bar-headed geese, pintails, pochards, and various species of storks and herons. Mammals found in the sanctuary include leopards, wild boars, nilgai, chital, sambar deer, and jackals. The reservoir supports a variety of fish species and is home to marsh crocodiles (muggers) and several species of turtles.
The vegetation of Tighra Wildlife Sanctuary consists primarily of mixed deciduous forest typical of Central India. The dominant tree species include teak (Tectona grandis), sal (Shorea robusta), and bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus). Other common species include mahua (Madhuca longifolia), tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), and various medicinal plants. The shoreline of the reservoir supports aquatic vegetation and reed beds, while the grasslands provide important grazing areas for herbivores.
The sanctuary is characterized by typical Vindhyan terrain, featuring gentle undulating hills and flat plains. The landscape is dominated by the Tighra reservoir and its surrounding catchment area. The soil is primarily black cotton soil mixed with rocky outcrops of Deccan origin. The terrain varies from shallow valleys to small hillocks, creating diverse microhabitats. The reservoir's shoreline features numerous small bays and inlets, while the surrounding area consists of mixed deciduous forest growing on moderately steep slopes.
Tighra Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1978 to protect the rich biodiversity of the region and create a buffer zone around the artificial Tighra reservoir. The sanctuary was originally part of the hunting grounds of the erstwhile rulers of Gwalior. The Tighra Dam, constructed in 1917 during the reign of Maharaja Madhavrao Scindia, created the reservoir that now serves as the centerpiece of the sanctuary. The area has since evolved into an important conservation site and popular destination for bird watching and nature tourism.
The Tighra reservoir is the sanctuary's main attraction, spanning approximately 5 square kilometers and providing an essential water source for wildlife. The sanctuary offers excellent bird watching opportunities, particularly during winter months when migratory birds arrive. Several watchtowers and nature trails provide visitors with opportunities for wildlife viewing and photography. The sanctuary also features a interpretation center that provides information about local flora and fauna. The proximity to Gwalior city (about 10 km) makes it easily accessible to tourists while maintaining its ecological significance as an important urban wildlife refuge.
Tighra Wildlife Sanctuary experiences a typical Central Indian climate with distinct seasons. Summers (March to June) are hot and dry with temperatures reaching up to 45°C, while winters (November to February) are mild and pleasant with temperatures ranging from 8°C to 25°C. The monsoon season (July to September) brings moderate to heavy rainfall, transforming the landscape into a lush green haven. The best time to visit is between October and March when the weather is most comfortable for wildlife viewing and outdoor activities.
India
26.0330°, 78.3670°
1978
23.55
Tighra Wildlife Sanctuary is centered around the Tighra Reservoir and provides an important habitat for various water birds. The sanctuary is known for its population of migratory birds and serves as a crucial stopover point. It features a mix of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.