The park is renowned for its population of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), with an estimated 600 individuals residing within its boundaries. Other notable primates include proboscis monkeys, macaques, and gibbons. The park hosts approximately 140 bird species, including hornbills and the oriental darter. Large mammals such as banteng (wild cattle), sambar deer, and sun bears can be found here. Reptiles are well-represented with species like monitor lizards and reticulated pythons. The park also supports numerous butterfly species and other insects.
Kutai National Park harbors an impressive diversity of plant species characteristic of Borneo's lowland rainforest. The park contains over 960 identified plant species, including 41 orchid species and numerous medicinal plants. Dominant tree species include Dipterocarpaceae family members, particularly Meranti trees (Shorea spp.). The park also features extensive stands of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri), various fig species, and mangrove forests along the coastal areas. Several rare and endemic plant species can be found within the park's boundaries.
The park's terrain consists primarily of lowland rainforest with gentle rolling hills and several small rivers. The elevation ranges from sea level to approximately 150 meters. The soil is predominantly composed of sedimentary rocks and alluvial deposits from the Mahakam River system. The coastal areas feature mangrove swamps and beach forests, while the interior contains various soil types supporting different forest ecosystems. Several small streams and rivers crisscross the park, creating a complex watershed system.
Kutai National Park was established in 1936 during the Dutch colonial period as a nature reserve, making it one of Indonesia's oldest protected areas. It was officially designated as a national park in 1982, covering an initial area of 200,000 hectares. However, due to logging, mining activities, and human encroachment, the park's effective protected area has been reduced significantly. The park has faced numerous challenges including forest fires in 1982-83 and 1997-98 that severely impacted its ecosystems, yet it remains a crucial sanctuary for Borneo's biodiversity.
Key attractions include the Prevab Research Station, which serves as a base for orangutan research and viewing. The Sangatta River offers opportunities for boat trips to observe proboscis monkeys and other wildlife. The park's coastal area provides unique opportunities to observe the transition from mangrove forests to lowland rainforest. Several hiking trails allow visitors to explore the forest interior, while observation towers provide vantage points for wildlife viewing. The park also contains several traditional Kutai villages where visitors can learn about local culture and traditional forest management practices.
Kutai National Park experiences a tropical rainforest climate with high humidity year-round. Average temperatures range from 25°C to 33°C (77°F to 91°F). The park receives substantial rainfall throughout the year, with slightly drier conditions from July to September. Annual rainfall averages around 2,000mm, with the wettest months typically being December through February. Visitors should be prepared for sudden afternoon thunderstorms and high humidity levels regardless of when they visit.
Indonesia
0.3830°, 117.3670°
1982
1982
Kutai National Park is one of the last remaining examples of lowland rainforest in Borneo. The park is home to orangutans, proboscis monkeys, and various other primates. It contains important tropical rainforest ecosystems and serves as a vital refuge for endangered species.