Emas National Park is home to an impressive array of wildlife, including several endangered species. Large mammals such as the maned wolf, giant anteater, jaguar, and pampas deer are regularly spotted. The park is particularly famous for its population of greater rheas, South America's largest bird. Other notable species include the giant armadillo, marsh deer, and various bird species like the blue-and-yellow macaw. The park serves as a crucial refuge for Cerrado wildlife, with over 350 bird species, 60 mammal species, and numerous reptiles and amphibians.
The park showcases classic Cerrado vegetation, Brazil's vast tropical savanna ecosystem. The landscape features a mosaic of grasslands, scattered trees, and gallery forests along waterways. Notable plant species include the pequi tree, buriti palm, and various orchid species. The park contains over 800 documented plant species, many of which have adapted to survive periodic natural fires. During the rainy season, the landscape transforms with colorful wildflowers and fresh grass growth, while the dry season reveals the hardy nature of the drought-resistant vegetation.
The park sits on the Brazilian Central Plateau, characterized by gently rolling hills and flat plains at elevations between 720-888 meters above sea level. The geological foundation consists primarily of basaltic rocks and sandstone formations, creating a diverse topography of plateaus, valleys, and natural springs. The soil composition varies from sandy to clay-rich areas, supporting different vegetation types. Notable geological features include numerous termite mounds that emit bioluminescent light at night, creating a unique natural phenomenon.
Established in 1961, Emas National Park was created to protect one of Brazil's most significant Cerrado ecosystems. The park's name comes from the greater rhea (Rhea americana), locally known as 'ema,' which was abundant in the region. The area has historical significance as traditional territory of indigenous peoples, particularly the Kaiapó. In 2001, UNESCO designated the park as a World Heritage Site due to its exceptional natural beauty and biological importance. The park's establishment marked a crucial step in preserving one of South America's most unique savanna landscapes.
The park's most distinctive feature is the natural phenomenon of bioluminescent termite mounds, which glow at night due to larvae of click beetles. The vast open landscapes offer unobstructed views and excellent wildlife photography opportunities. The park contains several important water sources, including the headwaters of two major river basins. Visitor facilities include observation towers, hiking trails, and guided tour options. The park's size (132,000 hectares) and well-preserved ecosystem make it one of the best places to experience Brazil's Cerrado biome in its natural state.
Emas National Park experiences a tropical savanna climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season runs from October to March, with average temperatures between 22-27°C (72-81°F) and frequent afternoon thunderstorms. The dry season occurs from April to September, with temperatures ranging from 15-25°C (59-77°F) and minimal rainfall. Night temperatures can drop significantly, especially during the dry season. The park's climate supports its unique ecosystem and influences the best times for wildlife viewing, with the dry season generally offering better visibility and animal spotting opportunities.
Brazil
-18.2500°, -52.8830°
1961
1320
Emas National Park is one of Brazil's most important cerrado preservation areas. The park is named after the greater rhea, a large flightless bird found in the region. It features vast grasslands and is known for its population of giant anteaters, maned wolves, and other rare species.