The park supports a diverse array of wildlife, including several endangered species. Large mammals such as pumas, maned wolves, and howler monkeys can be found within the park boundaries. The area is particularly important for bird conservation, hosting over 200 species, including the red-spectacled amazon parrot and the vinaceous-breasted amazon. The grasslands provide habitat for various small mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, while the rivers and streams support a rich aquatic ecosystem including numerous fish species endemic to the region.
The vegetation of Campos Gerais National Park is characterized by a mosaic of native grasslands (campos) and Araucaria forest patches. The grasslands feature a rich diversity of herbaceous species, including numerous endemic plants adapted to the rocky soil conditions. The Araucaria angustifolia (Brazilian Pine) is the dominant tree species in forested areas, accompanied by yerba mate trees and various species of bamboo. The park also harbors important remnants of the Atlantic Forest biome, with numerous species of orchids, bromeliads, and other epiphytes.
The park showcases remarkable geological features formed during the Devonian period, approximately 400 million years ago. The landscape is characterized by dramatic sandstone escarpments, deep canyons, and distinctive rock formations shaped by millions of years of erosion. The park sits on the Furnas Formation, part of the Paraná Basin, and features significant paleontological sites containing fossils from ancient marine environments. The area's unique geomorphology includes notable features such as ruiniform relief, caves, and natural stone arches.
The Campos Gerais region has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of indigenous settlements dating back thousands of years. The area gained prominence during Brazil's colonial period as part of the cattle-driving route between São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. The national park was officially established in 2006 to protect the unique natural heritage of the region. The park's creation was a response to growing concerns about the preservation of the native grasslands and distinctive geological formations that characterize the area.
Among the park's most striking attractions are the Vila Velha rock formations, a series of sculptural sandstone formations created through millennia of erosion. The Furnas Canyon, with its dramatic 100-meter-deep gorge, offers spectacular views and hiking opportunities. The park also features numerous waterfalls, including the Buraco do Padre, a unique geological formation where water falls through a natural stone arch. Ancient rock art sites provide glimpses into the region's prehistoric human occupation, while the extensive network of trails allows visitors to explore the diverse landscapes and ecosystems.
Campos Gerais National Park experiences a subtropical climate with well-defined seasons. Summers (December to February) are warm with average temperatures between 20-28°C (68-82°F) and frequent afternoon thunderstorms. Winters (June to August) are cool with temperatures ranging from 8-18°C (46-64°F), and occasional frost can occur. The region receives consistent rainfall throughout the year, with annual precipitation averaging 1,500mm. Spring and autumn are mild and pleasant, making them ideal seasons for visiting the park.
Brazil
-25.1450°, -49.9960°
2006
217.4
Campos Gerais National Park features unique grassland ecosystems and dramatic geological formations. The park contains significant archaeological sites and rock formations dating back millions of years. The area is known for its distinctive flora and fauna adapted to the grassland environment.