The park harbors a rich diversity of wildlife, including several endangered species. Notable mammals include the jaguar, ocelot, giant anteater, and various monkey species. The cave systems support unique cave-dwelling fauna, including several endemic species of fish, bats, and invertebrates. The area is also important for bird conservation, hosting over 200 species including the king vulture, red-legged seriema, and various parrots. Several species have adapted specifically to the cave environment, developing unique characteristics over time.
The park's vegetation represents a unique transition zone between three major Brazilian biomes: Cerrado (savanna), Caatinga (semi-arid), and seasonal forests. This ecological convergence creates diverse plant communities including drought-resistant species, orchids, bromeliads, and ancient hardwood trees. Notable species include the Aroeira tree, various cacti species, and rare endemic plants adapted to the limestone outcrops. The vegetation plays a crucial role in maintaining the region's water balance and cave ecosystem.
The cave system formed within limestone bedrock through millennia of water erosion, creating an extensive network of caverns, galleries, and spectacular speleothems. The limestone belongs to the Bambuí Group, formed approximately 600 million years ago. The park's most distinctive geological features include massive limestone cliffs, natural arches, and the dramatic Peruaçu River canyon. The caves showcase remarkable formations including stalactites, stalagmites, columns, and flowstones in various sizes and shapes.
The Cavernas do Peruaçu area holds immense archaeological significance, with human occupation dating back over 11,000 years. The caves contain one of Brazil's most important collections of prehistoric rock art, featuring thousands of pictographs and petroglyphs that document ancient human activities and cultural practices. The site was officially designated as a National Park in 1999 and received UNESCO World Heritage status recognition for its exceptional archaeological and natural value.
The park's most remarkable attractions include the Janelão Cave, featuring a massive natural skylight and impressive archaeological sites, and the Boqueirão Grotto with its extensive rock art panels. The Lapa do Rezar cave contains some of the most well-preserved prehistoric paintings in Brazil. The dramatic Peruaçu River canyon, with its 180-meter-high walls, offers spectacular views and hiking opportunities. Visitors can also explore the Lapa do Caboclo cave, known for its archaeological remains and unique speleothems.
The Cavernas do Peruaçu region experiences a semi-arid tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. Average temperatures range from 18°C to 30°C (64°F to 86°F), with the driest period occurring between May and September. The best time to visit is during the dry season when cave access is safest and most reliable. Visitors should be prepared for significant temperature variations between the surface and cave interiors, where temperatures remain relatively constant around 22°C (72°F) year-round.
Brazil
-15.1170°, -44.2500°
1999
568
Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park features an extensive cave system with prehistoric rock art and archaeological sites. The park protects important karst formations and unique cave ecosystems. The area contains significant evidence of ancient human habitation and remarkable geological formations.