Yacyretá Island Reserve is home to diverse wildlife, including several endangered species. Notable mammals include capybaras, howler monkeys, and ocelots. The reserve is particularly important for bird conservation, hosting over 250 species including the endangered yellow cardinal and various waterfowl species. The aquatic ecosystem supports numerous fish species, including the surubí and dorado. Reptiles such as the broad-snouted caiman and several turtle species are also present in the reserve.
The reserve hosts a rich variety of subtropical vegetation typical of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion. Notable species include lapacho trees (Handroanthus impetiginosus), yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), and various species of palm trees. The reserve features both primary and secondary forest areas, with numerous endemic plant species. Aquatic vegetation is abundant in the wetland areas, including water hyacinths and various species of floating plants that provide important habitat for local wildlife.
The reserve sits within the Paraná River basin, characterized by basaltic rock formations dating back to the Cretaceous period. The island's geology was significantly altered during the dam's construction, creating a unique landscape of artificial lakes and modified riverbanks. The underlying rock structure consists of flood basalts from ancient volcanic activity, typical of the Paraná Basin. Sedimentary deposits from the river have created fertile soils that support the reserve's diverse ecosystem.
Yacyretá Island was traditionally inhabited by Guarani indigenous peoples before becoming the site of one of South America's largest hydroelectric projects. The Yacyretá Dam, a joint venture between Paraguay and Argentina, was completed in 1994, transforming the original island ecosystem. The reserve was established as an environmental compensation measure to preserve local wildlife and plant species affected by the dam's construction. The name 'Yacyretá' comes from the Guarani language, meaning 'land of the moon,' reflecting the area's rich cultural heritage.
Key attractions include the Yacyretá Dam's impressive infrastructure, multiple observation points offering panoramic views of the Paraná River, and well-maintained hiking trails through the reserve's various ecosystems. The reserve features several research stations dedicated to wildlife conservation and environmental education. Visitors can access interpretive centers that explain the area's ecological importance and the dam's impact on local ecosystems. The reserve also includes protected wetland areas that serve as important breeding grounds for various bird species.
The Yacyretá Island Reserve experiences a subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. Average temperatures range from 17°C (63°F) in winter to 32°C (90°F) in summer. The region receives significant rainfall throughout the year, with an annual average of 1,700mm. The most pleasant time to visit is during spring (September-November) and autumn (March-May) when temperatures are moderate and rainfall is less frequent. Humidity levels remain relatively high year-round due to the proximity to the Paraná River.
Paraguay
-27.4170°, -56.7500°
1994
80
Yacyreta Island Reserve is located near the Yacyreta Dam on the Paraná River. The reserve protects important riverine habitats and serves as a refuge for displaced wildlife. It includes both natural and artificially created environments that support diverse aquatic and terrestrial species.