The national park supports diverse wildlife including several endangered species. Notable mammals include the sloth bear, Indian pangolin, sambar deer, spotted deer, and various species of primates like the bonnet macaque. The park is also home to numerous reptile species including the Indian cobra and Russell's viper. Bird enthusiasts can spot over 178 species of birds including the yellow-throated bulbul, Indian eagle-owl, and various raptors. Several endemic butterfly species also inhabit the park.
The park boasts rich flora with over 1,500 plant species, predominantly consisting of dry deciduous and moist deciduous forests. Notable species include red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus), a rare endemic tree species, along with teak, bamboo, and various medicinal plants. The park is also home to several endemic orchids and rare herbs. The vegetation varies from thorny scrub in lower elevations to semi-evergreen forests in higher regions, creating distinct ecological zones throughout the park.
The park is situated in the Seshachalam Hills range of the Eastern Ghats, characterized by quartzite and shale rock formations. The terrain is predominantly hilly with elevations ranging from 150 to 1,130 meters above sea level. The landscape features deep valleys, plateaus, and numerous seasonal streams. The red soil found in the park is rich in iron oxide, supporting diverse vegetation. The geological formation dates back to the Precambrian era, making it one of the oldest rock formations in India.
The park was established in 1989 and named after Lord Venkateswara of the famous Tirumala temple. It was created primarily to protect the Eastern Ghats ecosystem and serves as an important ecological buffer zone for the Tirumala hills. Originally part of the Tirupati and Tirumala forest ranges, it was designated as a national park to preserve its rich biodiversity and cultural significance. The park has been an integral part of the pilgrimage ecosystem, as it surrounds the sacred Seven Hills of Tirumala.
The park's most distinctive feature is its role as a natural protective barrier for the Tirumala temple. The famous Papavinasanam Dam and waterfall lie within the park boundaries, offering scenic views. Several trekking trails provide opportunities for nature walks and wildlife observation. The park also contains ancient pilgrim footpaths known as 'Sopana Margam' that traditionally led to the Tirumala temple. The presence of rare red sanders trees makes it an important conservation area, and the park plays a crucial role in watershed management for the surrounding region.
Sri Venkateswara National Park experiences a tropical climate with distinct seasons. Summers (March to June) are hot with temperatures reaching 40°C, while winters (November to February) are pleasant with temperatures ranging from 12-25°C. The park receives rainfall during both southwest (June-September) and northeast monsoons (October-December), with an annual rainfall of about 900mm. The best time to visit is between October and March when the weather is most comfortable for wildlife viewing and outdoor activities.
India
13.6330°, 79.3170°
1989
353
Sri Venkateswara National Park surrounds the famous Tirumala hills and temple complex. The park features dry deciduous forests and serves as an important wildlife corridor. It is home to various endangered species including the slender loris and golden gecko.