The marine life in South Button Island National Park is exceptionally rich and diverse. The waters are home to numerous fish species including angelfish, butterflyfish, parrotfish, and groupers. Large pelagic species such as barracuda and tuna are commonly spotted. The park is also known for its population of sea turtles, reef sharks, and occasional visits by manta rays. The coral reefs support a vast array of invertebrates including nudibranchs, sea stars, and giant clams.
The terrestrial vegetation of South Button Island is characterized by tropical evergreen forests, though the land area is relatively small. The shoreline features some mangrove species, while the underwater flora includes extensive seagrass beds and diverse coral species. The park is home to various species of algae that play crucial roles in the marine ecosystem. The coral reefs feature both hard and soft coral varieties, creating a colorful underwater landscape.
The island is primarily composed of limestone and coral formations that have developed over thousands of years. The underwater topography features dramatic walls, slopes, and coral gardens that drop to depths of over 40 meters. The island itself rises steeply from the sea, with rocky cliffs and small sandy patches. The geological structure provides numerous caves, crevices, and overhangs that create diverse marine habitats.
South Button Island was designated as a National Park in 1977 to protect its unique marine ecosystem and coral reefs. The park, covering approximately 5 square kilometers, is part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands' protected area network. The island's name comes from its distinctive button-like shape when viewed from above. Historically, the area was relatively untouched by human activity due to its remote location, which has helped preserve its pristine natural state.
The park's most distinctive feature is its pristine coral reef ecosystem, considered one of the best diving locations in the Andaman Islands. The underwater visibility often exceeds 30 meters, making it perfect for diving and snorkeling. The steep wall dives, with their dramatic drops and coral-covered surfaces, are particularly famous among diving enthusiasts. The park's small size and protected status have helped maintain its ecological integrity, making it a valuable site for marine conservation and research.
South Button Island National Park experiences a tropical monsoon climate typical of the Andaman Islands. The park sees average temperatures between 23°C and 30°C year-round, with high humidity levels ranging from 70-90%. The region experiences two monsoon seasons: the southwest monsoon from May to September and the northeast monsoon from October to December. The best time to visit is between January and April when the weather is relatively dry and the seas are calmer, making it ideal for underwater activities and marine life observation.
India
13.1330°, 93.0170°
1977
5
South Button Island National Park is a small protected marine area in the Andaman Islands. The park is known for its coral reefs and diverse marine life. It offers excellent opportunities for snorkeling and diving to observe the underwater ecosystem.