Galathea Bay is primarily known for being one of the most important nesting sites for leatherback turtles in the Indian Ocean region. Other marine life includes various species of coral fish, reef sharks, and sea snakes. The terrestrial fauna includes the Nicobar crab-eating macaque, Andaman wild pig, and numerous bird species including the Nicobar megapode and serpent eagle. The waters are also home to dugongs and various dolphin species.
The sanctuary supports rich tropical vegetation including mangrove forests along the coastline and dense evergreen forests inland. Notable species include Andaman padauk, gurjan, and various species of mangroves. The coastal vegetation includes beach morning glory, pandanus, and other shore plants that help stabilize the beach ecosystem. The forest understory contains numerous species of ferns, orchids, and climbing vines.
The sanctuary features a distinctive crescent-shaped bay with a sandy beach backed by tropical forests. The coastline consists of fine white sand deposits ideal for turtle nesting. The area's geological formation includes raised coral reefs and coastal plains formed through centuries of marine deposits. The underwater topography includes coral reefs and gentle slopes, creating diverse marine habitats.
Galathea Bay Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1997 to protect the nesting grounds of leatherback turtles and the surrounding marine ecosystem. The bay has historical significance as a natural harbor and was impacted by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which altered some of its coastal features. The sanctuary is part of the Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve and represents one of the last pristine coastal ecosystems in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago.
The sanctuary's most distinctive feature is its pristine beach, which serves as a crucial nesting ground for leatherback turtles. The area offers excellent opportunities for wildlife observation, particularly during turtle nesting season from December to March. The combination of beach, coral reefs, and forest ecosystems in close proximity makes it a unique biodiversity hotspot. However, access is restricted and requires special permits from the Forest Department to protect the sensitive ecosystem.
Galathea Bay Wildlife Sanctuary experiences a tropical climate typical of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The area receives both southwest and northeast monsoons, resulting in heavy rainfall from May to December. Average annual rainfall exceeds 3000mm. Temperatures remain fairly constant throughout the year, ranging from 23°C to 30°C. The best time to visit is between January and April when the weather is relatively dry and clear, making it ideal for wildlife observation and beach activities.
India
6.8270°, 93.8580°
1997
11.44
Galathea Bay Wildlife Sanctuary is located on Great Nicobar Island, the southernmost island of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. The sanctuary is known for its pristine beaches and serves as a nesting site for leatherback turtles. It contains rich marine biodiversity and mangrove ecosystems.