Saddle Peak National Park supports a diverse array of wildlife, including several endemic species. Notable mammals include the Andaman wild pig, Andaman macaque, and various species of bats. The park is a haven for birdwatchers, hosting endemic species like the Andaman woodpecker, Andaman cuckoo-dove, and Andaman drongo. Reptiles include the Andaman water monitor, various snake species, and the endemic Andaman day gecko. The park also harbors numerous butterfly species, many of which are unique to the Andaman Islands.
The park hosts a rich diversity of tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. The vegetation varies with altitude, transitioning from lowland rainforest to hill forest. Notable species include Dipterocarpus trees, Gurjan trees, and various endemic orchids. The park is home to several medicinal plants and rare species like Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Andaman Padauk) and Terminalia procera. Mangrove forests occur in the coastal areas, while the higher elevations feature unique montane vegetation adapted to the cooler, misty conditions.
The park's geology is characterized by sedimentary rocks formed during the Late Cretaceous period, primarily consisting of sandstone and limestone formations. The distinctive saddle-shaped peak was formed through tectonic activity and erosion over millions of years. The terrain is highly varied, featuring steep slopes, deep valleys, and exposed cliff faces. The soil is typically acidic and ranges from sandy to clay loam, supporting the diverse vegetation that covers the park. Several freshwater streams originate from the peak, creating a network of waterways throughout the protected area.
Saddle Peak National Park was established in 1979 to protect the unique ecosystem of North Andaman Island. The park gets its name from the distinctive saddle-shaped double peak that forms the highest point in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago at 732 meters. Historically, the area was inhabited by indigenous Andamanese tribes, particularly the Andamanese people, who lived in the forests until the British colonial period. The park has since been a crucial conservation area, preserving both natural heritage and remnants of indigenous culture.
The park's most distinctive feature is the twin-peaked Saddle Peak, offering panoramic views of the surrounding islands and the Bay of Bengal. Several trekking trails lead to the summit, ranging from moderate to challenging difficulty. The park contains numerous freshwater streams and waterfalls, particularly spectacular during the monsoon season. Unique geological formations, including natural caves and exposed rock faces, can be found throughout the park. The combination of high altitude and coastal ecosystems in such close proximity makes it a unique ecological site in the Andaman archipelago.
Saddle Peak National Park experiences a tropical monsoon climate typical of the Andaman Islands. The park receives heavy rainfall from May to December during the southwest and northeast monsoons, with annual precipitation averaging 3000mm. Temperatures remain fairly constant year-round, ranging from 23°C to 30°C. The best time to visit is between January and April when the weather is relatively dry and clear. Humidity levels stay high throughout the year, usually between 70-90%. Morning fog is common at higher elevations, especially around the peak.
India
13.1670°, 93.0170°
1979
32.54
Saddle Peak National Park is centered around the highest peak in the Andaman Islands. The park protects unique island ecosystems and endemic species. It features evergreen forests and offers panoramic views of the surrounding islands.