The park is home to an incredible diversity of marine life, including over 200 species of fish, numerous coral species, sea turtles, dugongs, and dolphins. Notable marine species include the hawksbill turtle, green sea turtle, dugong, and various species of reef fish such as butterflyfish, angelfish, and parrotfish. The waters also host several species of sharks, rays, and sea snakes. The mangrove areas provide breeding grounds for many fish species and support populations of water birds and crustaceans.
The marine park hosts a diverse range of flora, including extensive mangrove forests along the coastlines and various species of seagrass in shallow waters. The mangrove ecosystem features species like Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina. The underwater vegetation includes various species of algae such as Halimeda, Caulerpa, and Padina. The coral reefs support numerous species of zooxanthellae, which are crucial for coral growth and reef ecosystem health.
The park's geological formation is characterized by coral reefs, underwater volcanic formations, and sedimentary rock structures. The area features extensive fringing reefs, patch reefs, and distinctive underwater topography formed over millions of years. The seafloor consists of coral rubble, sand patches, and rocky outcrops. The islands within the park are primarily composed of limestone and sandstone formations, with some areas showing evidence of volcanic activity from the distant past.
Established in 1996, the Rani Jhansi Marine National Park was named after the legendary Indian freedom fighter Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi. The park was created to protect the rich marine biodiversity of the region and covers approximately 256 sq km of area around South Andaman Island. It encompasses several small islands including Rutland Island and includes significant portions of marine waters. The park has played a crucial role in preserving the marine ecosystem of the Andaman Sea and has been instrumental in protecting endangered marine species.
The park's most distinctive features include its pristine coral reefs, which are among the best-preserved in the Andaman Islands. The clear waters offer excellent visibility for snorkeling and diving, with depths ranging from shallow reef flats to deep water zones. The park includes several scenic beaches, particularly around Rutland Island, and offers unique opportunities for marine wildlife observation. The mangrove ecosystems serve as natural barriers against coastal erosion and provide essential nursery grounds for marine life. The park also features several diving spots where visitors can observe diverse coral formations and marine life in their natural habitat.
The Rani Jhansi Marine National Park experiences a tropical climate typical of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The park sees temperatures ranging between 23°C and 30°C throughout the year, with high humidity levels averaging 70-80%. The region experiences both southwest (May to September) and northeast monsoons (October to December), bringing annual rainfall of about 3000mm. The best time to visit is between December and April when the weather is relatively dry and the sea conditions are calm, making it ideal for underwater activities and marine life observation.
India
11.4950°, 92.6310°
1996
256.1
Rani Jhansi Marine National Park protects coral reefs and marine ecosystems in the Andaman Islands. The park features diverse marine life including coral species, sea turtles, and various fish species. It is an important site for marine conservation and research.