The marine waters around North Button Island are rich in biodiversity, hosting numerous fish species, sea turtles, and dolphins. The park is particularly known for its population of dugongs, also known as sea cows. The coral reefs support various species of reef fish, moray eels, and sea snakes. The island itself serves as a nesting ground for several species of sea birds, including white-bellied sea eagles and Andaman teal. Marine mammals such as dolphins and occasional whale species can be spotted in the surrounding waters.
The terrestrial vegetation of North Button Island includes dense tropical evergreen forests and coastal vegetation. The island's shores feature mangrove swamps that play a crucial role in coastal protection and marine life nurturing. Notable plant species include Andaman Padauk, Gurjan, and various species of orchids. The coastal areas support beach vegetation including Sea Morning Glory and various palm species, while the underwater realm hosts extensive seagrass beds and diverse coral species.
The park consists of a small volcanic island formation surrounded by extensive coral reefs. The island features rocky outcrops and steep cliffs that rise dramatically from the sea, formed through volcanic activity millions of years ago. The surrounding seabed contains rich coral formations built upon ancient volcanic substrates. The park's geological structure provides numerous marine habitats, including coral reefs, rocky shores, and deep-water zones that support diverse marine ecosystems.
North Button Island National Park was established in 1979 to protect the unique marine ecosystem and biodiversity of the area. The park was named after its distinctive button-like shape when viewed from above. Originally part of a larger marine protected area, it gained national park status to ensure stricter protection of its coral reefs and marine life. The island has remained largely uninhabited throughout history, serving primarily as a sanctuary for marine life and migratory birds.
The park's most distinctive feature is its pristine coral reef ecosystem, which is among the best-preserved in the Andaman Islands. The clear waters offer excellent visibility for underwater activities, making it a premier destination for diving and snorkeling. The park's isolation has helped maintain its ecological integrity, offering visitors a glimpse of undisturbed marine ecosystems. The dramatic cliffs and rocky outcrops provide spectacular viewpoints for observing marine life and seabirds, while the surrounding waters offer opportunities for responsible marine tourism and research activities.
North Button Island experiences a tropical monsoon climate typical of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The park sees average temperatures between 23°C and 30°C year-round, with high humidity levels ranging from 70-90%. The region experiences two monsoon seasons: the southwest monsoon from May to September and the northeast monsoon from October to December. The best time to visit is between January and April when the weather is relatively dry and calm, making it ideal for marine activities and wildlife observation.
India
13.1330°, 93.0170°
1979
0.44
North Button Island National Park is a small protected marine area in the Andaman Sea. The park is known for its coral reefs and diverse marine life. It serves as an important nesting site for sea turtles and provides habitat for numerous species of marine birds.