Mount Harriet National Park is home to diverse wildlife including several endemic species. Notable mammals include the Andaman wild pig, spotted deer, and various species of bats. The park is particularly famous for its rich bird life, hosting endemic species like the Andaman woodpecker, Andaman cuckoo dove, and Andaman drongo. Reptiles are well-represented with species like the water monitor lizard and various snakes. The park also harbors numerous butterfly species, including some that are unique to the Andaman Islands.
The park showcases a rich tropical evergreen forest ecosystem with over 1,300 species of plants. The vegetation includes towering hardwood trees like Gurjan, Padauk, and White Chuglam, alongside various species of orchids, ferns, and climbers. The forest canopy reaches heights of up to 30-40 meters, creating distinct vegetation layers. Mangrove forests occur in the coastal areas, while the higher elevations feature unique hill forest species adapted to the local conditions.
The park is centered around Mount Harriet, which at 383 meters is the third-highest peak in the Andaman Islands. The terrain consists of sedimentary rock formations dating back millions of years, with steep hills and deep valleys carved by erosion over time. The geological structure includes sandstone and limestone formations, creating diverse topographical features including natural springs, rocky outcrops, and unique soil compositions that support the park's rich biodiversity.
Mount Harriet National Park was established in 1969 and named after Harriet Tytler, wife of a British colonial administrator. The park holds historical significance as it was once the summer headquarters of the Chief Commissioner during British colonial rule. The location was chosen for its strategic viewpoint and pleasant climate. The image of this landscape was formerly featured on the back of the Indian twenty rupee note, highlighting its national importance. During World War II, the area served as a significant observation post for the British forces.
The park's most distinctive feature is its panoramic viewpoint atop Mount Harriet, offering spectacular views of Port Blair, Ross Island, and the surrounding sea. A historic trail known as 'Madhuban' leads through pristine forest to the summit. The park contains several freshwater streams and natural springs, adding to its ecological importance. A unique feature is the Kala Pani view point, which offers a historical perspective of the infamous Cellular Jail. The park also includes nature interpretation centers and well-marked hiking trails that facilitate eco-tourism and environmental education.
Mount Harriet National Park experiences a tropical monsoon climate typical of the Andaman Islands. The park receives an average annual rainfall of 3000mm, with the southwest monsoon occurring from May to September and the northeast monsoon from October to December. Temperatures remain fairly constant throughout the year, ranging from 23°C to 30°C. The best time to visit is between December and March when the weather is relatively dry and pleasant, offering optimal conditions for hiking and wildlife viewing.
India
11.7210°, 92.7270°
1969
46.62
Mount Harriet National Park is the third-highest peak in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The park offers panoramic views of the surrounding islands and features tropical evergreen forests. It is home to many endemic species and serves as an important bird watching site.