The wildlife sanctuary hosts a rich variety of fauna, including over 250 species of birds and numerous mammals. Key species include the Indian leopard, sloth bear, sambar deer, wild boar, and langur monkeys. The sanctuary is particularly renowned for its grey jungle fowl population and is a haven for birdwatchers, with species like the green pigeon, rose-finch, and eagle owl commonly spotted. Reptiles such as the Indian cobra, Russell's viper, and various lizard species also inhabit the area. The sanctuary plays a crucial role in conservation efforts for several endangered species.
The sanctuary boasts a diverse array of vegetation, with over 800 species of plants recorded. The forest type varies from semi-evergreen to dry deciduous, featuring bamboo groves, coniferous trees, and orchids. Notable species include mango, jamun, and banyan trees, along with rare medicinal plants like Costus speciosus and Dendrophthoe falcata. The sanctuary is also home to several endemic plant species, making it a crucial botanical preserve in the region. The vegetation changes dramatically with seasons, offering different spectacular views throughout the year.
The sanctuary is situated in the Aravalli Range, one of the world's oldest mountain ranges, formed over 600 million years ago. The area is characterized by distinct geological features including granite rocks, volcanic formations, and metamorphic rock structures. The landscape is marked by steep rocky cliffs, deep valleys, and plateaus, with the highest point being Guru Shikhar at 1,722 meters. The unique geological formation creates numerous natural springs and water bodies, contributing to the sanctuary's rich biodiversity.
The sanctuary was established in 1960 to protect the rich biodiversity of the Aravalli Range's highest peak region. Originally part of the princely state of Sirohi, the area has been sacred to local communities for centuries, with ancient temples and archaeological sites dotting the landscape. The sanctuary was formally declared under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and covers an area of 288 square kilometers. The region's historical significance is enhanced by its mention in various Hindu mythological texts and its role as a summer retreat during the British colonial period.
The sanctuary offers several unique attractions, including the famous Toad Rock viewpoint, which resembles a giant toad about to leap into Nakki Lake. Trevor's Tank, a man-made crocodile breeding site, is another popular spot. The sanctuary contains numerous trekking trails, with the path to Guru Shikhar being particularly popular among visitors. The presence of ancient Jain temples, especially the Achalgarh Fort complex, adds cultural significance to the ecological value. The sanctuary also features several vantage points offering panoramic views of the surrounding Aravalli Range and the Gujarat plains below.
Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary experiences a relatively pleasant climate compared to the rest of Rajasthan, thanks to its elevation of 1,220 meters above sea level. Summers (April-June) are mild with temperatures ranging from 23-33°C, while winters (November-February) are cool with temperatures between 12-20°C. The monsoon season (July-September) brings moderate rainfall, making the sanctuary lush and vibrant. The best time to visit is between October and March when the weather is most favorable for wildlife viewing and outdoor activities.
India
24.5930°, 72.7140°
1960
288
Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Rajasthan's only hill station. The sanctuary features unique rock formations, evergreen forests, and rich wildlife including leopards and sloth bears. It is known for its highest peak Guru Shikhar and diverse butterfly species.