Despite its urban proximity, the park harbors diverse wildlife including several bird species such as hummingbirds, sparrows, and warblers. Small mammals like squirrels and rabbits are common residents, while the stream supports various amphibians and aquatic insects. The park serves as an important urban wildlife refuge, with its varied habitats supporting both resident and migratory species.
The park's vegetation combines native species with colonial-era introduced plants, creating a unique botanical landscape. Notable species include massive ahuehuete (Montezuma cypress) trees, jacarandas, pepper trees, and various cacti. The former hacienda gardens feature ornamental species like bougainvillea and roses, while the surrounding areas maintain remnants of the original highland forest with pine, oak, and endemic flowering plants.
The park sits within a small valley carved by the Coxcacuaco stream, featuring exposed volcanic rock formations characteristic of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The terrain consists of basaltic and andesitic rocks dating back to the Quaternary period, with rich alluvial soils in the valley floor that historically supported agricultural activities. Natural springs and the stream's erosive action have created interesting geological features throughout the park.
Originally established as a wheat mill in the 16th century by Spanish colonists, the Molino de Flores evolved into a grand hacienda under various owners through the colonial period. Named after the Texcocan poet-king Nezahualcóyotl, it reached its architectural peak in the 18th century with the addition of the San Joaquín chapel and elaborate gardens. The hacienda functioned as both an agricultural and industrial center until the Mexican Revolution, after which it was abandoned. In 1937, it was declared a national park and historic monument, preserving its unique blend of colonial architecture and natural beauty.
Key attractions include the magnificently preserved 18th-century San Joaquín chapel with its baroque architecture, the original wheat mill structures, and extensive stone aqueduct system. The hacienda's main house, though partially in ruins, showcases colonial-era architectural elements including ornate archways and courtyards. The park's network of paths and bridges offers scenic views of the valley, while the restored gardens and water features provide peaceful spots for reflection. The site regularly hosts cultural events, art exhibitions, and traditional festivals, making it a living monument to Mexican history.
The Molino de Flores enjoys a temperate semi-arid climate typical of the Valley of Mexico's highlands. Average temperatures range from 12-25°C (54-77°F), with the warmest months being April through June and cooler temperatures from November through February. The rainy season runs from June to October, bringing afternoon showers that keep the gardens lush. The park's position in a protected valley creates a pleasant microclimate that supports its diverse plant life year-round.
Mexico
19.5280°, -98.9120°
1937
0.55
This small historical park contains the remains of a 16th-century hacienda and flour mill. The park combines historical architecture with gardens and green spaces. It serves as both a cultural site and recreational area for the local community.