The park is renowned for its Indian one-horned rhinoceros population, which is its flagship species. Other major mammals include Indian elephants, gaur (Indian bison), leopards, and various deer species like sambar and barking deer. The park hosts over 200 bird species, including the critically endangered Bengal florican, peacocks, and various hornbill species. Notable reptiles include the Indian python and king cobra. The park also supports numerous butterfly species and other invertebrates.
Gorumara's vegetation is primarily composed of moist deciduous forests dominated by sal trees (Shorea robusta). The park features extensive grasslands, bamboo brakes, and riverine forests. Notable plant species include simul (silk cotton), khair, siris, and various medicinal plants. The park's grasslands, locally known as 'bathan,' are crucial for herbivores. Several species of orchids and ferns add to the botanical diversity. The vegetation pattern creates distinct ecological niches supporting various wildlife species.
The park is situated in the floodplains of the Jaldhaka and Murti rivers, characterized by alluvial soil deposits. The terrain consists of grasslands, riverine forests, and sal woodlands spread across an area of 79.45 square kilometers. The landscape features several perennial streams and waterbodies, creating a diverse ecosystem. The soil composition varies from sandy loam to alluvial deposits, supporting rich vegetation. The park's elevation ranges from 90 to 100 meters above sea level.
Gorumara was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1949 and received National Park status in 1994. The area was originally part of the private forests of the Royal family of Jalpaiguri and served as a hunting ground for British colonial officers. The park's establishment was primarily motivated by the need to protect the Indian one-horned rhinoceros population. In 2009, Gorumara received the Best Protected Area Award from the Indian government for its successful conservation efforts and management practices.
Key attractions include the Jatraprasad Watch Tower, offering panoramic views of the landscape and excellent wildlife spotting opportunities. The Medla Watch Tower and Chandrachur Watch Tower are other significant viewing points. The park features several salt licks that attract various animals, particularly during early mornings and late evenings. The Murti River along the park's boundary offers scenic views and is crucial for wildlife. The Interpretation Centre at Ramsai provides valuable information about the park's biodiversity and conservation efforts.
Gorumara National Park experiences three distinct seasons: summer (March-May) with temperatures reaching 35°C, monsoon (June-September) with heavy rainfall averaging 3500mm annually, and winter (October-February) with temperatures dropping to 8°C. The best time to visit is between November and March when the weather is pleasant and wildlife sightings are optimal. The park occasionally closes during peak monsoon months due to heavy rainfall making trails inaccessible. Mornings and late afternoons offer the most comfortable conditions for wildlife viewing.
India
26.7290°, 88.8070°
1994
79.45
Gorumara National Park is known for its population of Indian rhinoceros and rich biodiversity. The park consists of riverine grasslands and forests along the flood plains. It is also home to elephants, gaur, and various species of deer.