The park is home to diverse wildlife, with the Bengal tiger being the flagship species. Other major carnivores include leopards, wild dogs (dholes), and sloth bears. The herbivore population consists of gaur (Indian bison), sambar deer, chital, barking deer, and nilgai. The park hosts over 250 species of birds, including critically endangered forest owlets, various eagles, and hornbills. The region also supports numerous species of reptiles, including the Indian python and various vipers.
The vegetation of Gugamal National Park primarily consists of Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous forests. The park hosts over 700 species of plants, including valuable timber species like teak, ain, dhawda, and lendia. The understory is rich with bamboo species, particularly Dendrocalamus strictus. The park also features patches of grasslands and several medicinal plants traditionally used by local communities. During the monsoon season, the forest floor comes alive with various species of mushrooms and ground flora.
The park is situated in the Satpura mountain range, characterized by rugged terrain, steep slopes, and deep valleys. The landscape is dominated by ancient rock formations dating back to the Deccan Trap period, primarily composed of basalt. The elevation ranges from 320 to 1,178 meters above sea level, with Gugamal peak being the highest point. The area features numerous streams and rivulets that form part of the Tapti river system, creating a complex network of water channels throughout the park.
Gugamal National Park was established in 1974 as part of the Melghat Tiger Reserve, one of India's first nine tiger reserves under Project Tiger. The area has historical significance as it was once part of the ancient Vidarbha kingdom and later came under various ruling dynasties. The park gets its name from the Gugamal peak, the highest point in the Melghat region. Traditional forest-dwelling communities, particularly the Korku tribe, have lived in this region for generations, maintaining a deep connection with the forest ecosystem.
Key attractions include the Gugamal peak, offering panoramic views of the Satpura range, and the Sipna river valley, crucial for wildlife movement. The park contains several ancient Buddhist caves and archaeological sites. The Semadoh Interpretation Centre provides valuable information about the park's ecosystem and conservation efforts. Several watchtowers and hiking trails offer excellent opportunities for wildlife viewing and nature photography. The park is also known for its butterfly diversity, with over 160 recorded species making it a paradise for lepidopterists.
Gugamal National Park experiences a typical tropical climate with three distinct seasons. Summers (March to June) are hot and dry with temperatures reaching up to 45°C, while winters (November to February) are mild and pleasant with temperatures ranging from 12°C to 25°C. The monsoon season (July to October) brings heavy rainfall to the region, making the park lush and vibrant but also challenging to access. The best time to visit is during winter months when the weather is comfortable for wildlife viewing and outdoor activities.
India
21.3670°, 76.7330°
1974
361
Gugamal National Park is part of the larger Melghat Tiger Reserve in the Satpura Range. The park features hilly terrain covered with dry deciduous forests. It serves as an important tiger habitat and hosts various other wildlife including leopards, wild dogs, and sloth bears.