The park is renowned for harboring the last viable population of the critically endangered Hangul (Kashmir stag). Other significant wildlife includes Himalayan black bears, leopards, musk deer, and Kashmir gray langurs. The park supports over 150 bird species, including several threatened varieties like the bearded vulture and golden eagle. Dachigam's varied elevation zones provide unique habitats for different species, making it a crucial conservation area for Himalayan wildlife.
Dachigam's diverse vegetation spans multiple ecological zones, hosting over 500 plant species. The lower altitudes feature deciduous forests dominated by oak, maple, and walnut trees, while the middle elevations showcase coniferous species like pine and fir. Alpine meadows above 3,000 meters support rare medicinal herbs and wildflowers. The park's varied flora includes several endangered plant species and serves as a vital repository of Kashmir's botanical diversity.
The park's terrain showcases dramatic Himalayan topography, with elevations ranging from 1,700 to 4,300 meters above sea level. The landscape features deep valleys, steep slopes, and rocky cliffs formed through centuries of geological activity. The park's bedrock consists primarily of limestone and shale formations, with glacial activity having shaped many of its current features. The varying altitudes create distinct geological zones, from riverine areas in the lower reaches to alpine meadows in the upper regions.
Established as a protected area in 1981, Dachigam's history dates back to 1910 when it was initially created as a hunting reserve for the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. The name 'Dachigam' derives from the Kashmiri words 'dah' (ten) and 'gam' (villages), referring to the ten villages that were relocated to establish the park. Initially managed to protect Kashmir's water supply, the park later became crucial for conserving the endangered Hangul (Kashmir stag) and other rare Himalayan wildlife.
Dachigam's most distinctive feature is its diverse landscape, ranging from deep valleys to alpine peaks, creating a complete ecosystem within its boundaries. The Dagwan River flowing through the park forms spectacular waterfalls and provides essential water resources. The park's accessibility from Srinagar (22 km) makes it a prime ecotourism destination, while its research facilities and conservation programs for the Hangul have earned it international recognition. The park also plays a vital role in protecting Kashmir's watershed and maintaining regional ecological balance.
Dachigam National Park experiences distinct seasonal variations typical of Kashmir's temperate climate. Summers (April-June) are mild and pleasant with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C, while winters (November-February) are cold with temperatures often dropping below freezing, accompanied by frequent snowfall. The park receives significant rainfall during the monsoon season (July-September), with annual precipitation averaging 670mm. Spring and autumn offer the most comfortable conditions for visitors, with clear skies and moderate temperatures ideal for wildlife viewing.
India
34.1330°, 74.9330°
1981
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Dachigam National Park is famous for being home to the endangered Kashmir stag or hangul. The park features stunning Himalayan landscapes and diverse flora. It plays a crucial role in protecting the watershed of Dal Lake.