The park is renowned for its Bengal tigers, with an estimated population of over 200 individuals. Other major predators include leopards, jungle cats, and various species of civets. The park hosts approximately 50 species of mammals, including Asian elephants, different species of deer (sambar, chital, barking deer), wild boars, and langurs. The bird life is exceptional with over 600 species recorded, including great hornbills, peacocks, and various raptors. The park's rivers support mugger crocodiles, gharials, and numerous fish species.
Corbett's vegetation is remarkably diverse, featuring over 600 species of plants. The dominant forest type is Sal (Shorea robusta), covering about 73% of the park. Other significant vegetation includes Khair, Sissoo, and various species of bamboo. The park also contains grasslands locally known as chaurs, which are essential for herbivores. The undergrowth is rich in medicinal plants, ferns, and climbers. Different ecological zones support distinct vegetation patterns, from riverine forests along water bodies to mixed deciduous forests in higher elevations.
The park is situated in the Siwalik range of the Himalayas, characterized by rugged hills, riverine belts, grasslands, and a diverse terrain ranging from 400 to 1,210 meters above sea level. The landscape was formed through geological processes during the formation of the Himalayas, resulting in various rock formations, primarily composed of sandstone and conglomerates. The Ramganga River, along with its numerous tributaries, has shaped the park's topography, creating ravines, valleys, and alluvial floodplains that support diverse ecosystems.
Established in 1936, Corbett National Park was India's first national park, originally named Hailey National Park after Sir Malcolm Hailey. It was renamed as Corbett National Park in 1957 in memory of Jim Corbett, the famous naturalist and conservationist who played a key role in its establishment. The park was one of the first to be brought under Project Tiger in 1973, serving as a crucial sanctuary for protecting Bengal tigers. The area has historical significance dating back to ancient times, with evidence of human settlements and traditional forest communities, though most were relocated to protect both wildlife and human interests.
Key attractions include the Dhikala zone, offering spectacular views of the Ramganga reservoir and wildlife. The Bijrani zone is famous for tiger sightings, while the Durga Devi zone is popular for bird watching. The park houses the Jim Corbett Museum in Kaladhungi, showcasing the life and work of the park's namesake. The Ramganga River, flowing through the park, creates numerous wildlife viewing opportunities along its banks. The park also features several watch towers and hiking trails, though these can only be accessed with authorized guides. The Corbett Falls, located near the park entrance, is another popular attraction.
Corbett National Park experiences three distinct seasons: summer (March-June) with temperatures reaching 40°C, monsoon (July-October) bringing heavy rainfall and high humidity, and winter (November-February) with temperatures between 5-25°C. The best time to visit is between November and June when the weather is most favorable for wildlife viewing. Summers can be quite hot but offer good animal sightings near water bodies, while winters are pleasant and ideal for bird watching. The park remains closed during the peak monsoon season from July to mid-November in most zones.
India
29.5330°, 78.7740°
1936
520.82
Jim Corbett National Park is India's oldest national park and a premier tiger reserve. The park features diverse wildlife including Bengal tigers, Asian elephants, and over 600 species of birds. It encompasses the Ramganga River and dense forest landscapes.