The park's namesake guácharo or oilbird (Steatornis caripensis) is the most significant resident, with a colony numbering several hundred birds. These nocturnal creatures navigate by echolocation and feed on forest fruits. The caves also harbor unique invertebrates, including endemic species of spiders, crickets, and beetles. The surrounding forest supports spectacled bears, mountain tapirs, woolly monkeys, and numerous bird species including toucans and quetzals.
The park protects a rich Andean cloud forest ecosystem with over 300 plant species identified. The entrance zones of caves support unique flora adapted to low light conditions, including mosses, ferns, and specialized fungi. The surrounding forest contains numerous orchid species, bromeliads, and giant tree ferns. Notable trees include endangered black oak and Colombian wax palm. The vegetation plays a crucial role in maintaining the cave ecosystem by providing food for the resident oilbirds.
The cave system formed in limestone bedrock through millennia of water erosion, creating an extensive network of chambers and passages spanning over 2km in length. The caves feature dramatic stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstone formations. Multiple levels exist within the system, carved by underground rivers that continue to shape the caves today. The surrounding landscape showcases karst topography with sinkholes, springs, and rocky outcrops.
Cueva de los Guácharos was Colombia's first national park, established in 1960 to protect the unique cave-dwelling oilbirds (guácharos) and their habitat. The caves were known to indigenous peoples for centuries before being scientifically documented in the 1940s. Local folklore tells of mysterious night birds whose haunting calls echoed from the caves. The site gained international recognition for its ecological significance and became a model for cave conservation in South America.
The main cave chamber, known as Cueva Grande, spans 30 meters high and features impressive limestone formations. A subterranean river system creates dramatic waterfalls within the caves. The park offers marked hiking trails, observation points, and guided tours. The early morning exodus of oilbirds from the caves is a spectacular natural phenomenon. Research stations and interpretive centers provide educational resources about the cave ecosystem and its conservation.
The park experiences a humid subtropical climate with average temperatures between 12-18°C (54-64°F). Rainfall is abundant year-round, with annual precipitation exceeding 2,500mm. The cave system maintains a constant cool temperature and high humidity. Visitors should be prepared for wet conditions, especially from March to July during the heaviest rainy season. Morning fog is common in the surrounding forest.
Colombia
1.6170°, -76.1000°
1960
90.74
Named after the Guácharo or oilbird that inhabits its caves, this park features remarkable cave systems and Andean forest ecosystems. It was Colombia's first national park and protects important archaeological sites. The park is known for its unique geological formations and biodiversity.