The sanctuary is most famous for its Caribbean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) population, which can number up to several thousand birds during peak seasons. Besides flamingos, the area hosts over 80 bird species, including herons, pelicans, scarlet ibis, and various shorebirds. The lagoons support a diverse array of fish species and crustaceans, which form an important part of the food chain. Land animals include iguanas, desert foxes, rabbits, and several species of lizards adapted to the arid environment.
Despite the arid conditions, the sanctuary supports a variety of plant species adapted to the harsh environment. The vegetation includes drought-resistant plants such as cacti, thorny shrubs, and xerophytic species. Mangrove forests, particularly black mangroves (Avicennia germinans), grow around the lagoons, providing crucial habitat for various species. Other notable plants include the trupillo (Prosopis juliflora), dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria), and various species of coastal grasses that help stabilize the sand dunes.
The sanctuary is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes coastal lagoons, salt flats, and desert terrain. The area was formed by geological processes that created a series of shallow brackish lagoons separated from the Caribbean Sea by sand bars. The main water body, Navío Quebrado Lagoon, varies in depth and salinity throughout the year due to seasonal changes. The surrounding terrain consists of arid plains and sand dunes, with some areas featuring limestone formations and mineral-rich soils.
Los Flamencos Sanctuary was established in 1977 to protect the region's unique ecosystem and its resident flamingo populations. The area has historically been home to the Wayuu indigenous people, who have lived in La Guajira peninsula for centuries and continue to maintain their traditional lifestyle in the region. The sanctuary's creation came as a response to declining flamingo populations due to hunting and habitat destruction. Since its establishment, it has become an important site for bird conservation and ecological research in Colombia.
The Navío Quebrado Lagoon is the sanctuary's centerpiece, covering approximately 400 hectares and serving as the primary feeding ground for flamingos. The site offers excellent birdwatching opportunities, particularly during early morning and late afternoon hours. Traditional Wayuu settlements near the sanctuary provide cultural interest, with opportunities to learn about indigenous crafts and customs. Several observation points and walking trails allow visitors to explore the diverse ecosystems, while local guides offer boat tours of the lagoons. The sanctuary also features a visitor center with educational displays about the local ecology and conservation efforts.
The sanctuary experiences a tropical desert climate characterized by high temperatures and low rainfall throughout the year. Average temperatures range from 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F), with the hottest period occurring between June and September. The region receives less than 500mm of annual rainfall, with most precipitation occurring during the brief wet season from September to November. Strong trade winds, locally known as 'alisios,' are common throughout the year, particularly from December to April, helping to moderate the intense heat.
Colombia
11.4170°, -73.1330°
1977
70
A coastal sanctuary known for its large population of American flamingos and other water birds. The park protects important mangrove ecosystems and coastal lagoons. It serves as a crucial stopover point for migratory birds and supports local fishing communities.