Campbell Bay

Campbell Bay National Park is home to numerous endemic and rare species. The Nicobar megapode, Nicobar pigeon, and the giant robber crab are flagship species. The park also harbors saltwater crocodiles, water monitor lizards, and various species of sea turtles. Marine life is abundant in the surrounding waters, including coral reefs, dugongs, and dolphins. The park is also an important habitat for numerous butterfly species and serves as a crucial stopover for migratory birds.

The park hosts dense tropical rainforest vegetation with over 648 species of plants recorded. The dominant vegetation includes giant evergreen trees, coastal mangroves, and beach forests. Notable species include Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Artocarpus chaplasha, and various endemic orchids. The park contains some of the largest remaining stands of pristine rainforest in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, with many trees reaching heights of over 40 meters.

The park's terrain is characterized by undulating hills and valleys formed from volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Mount Thullier, rising to 642 meters, is the highest point within the park boundaries. The coastline features rocky shores interspersed with sandy beaches, while the interior contains numerous freshwater streams and rivers. The geological formation dates back to the Late Cretaceous period, with evidence of tectonic activity that separated these islands from the mainland.

Campbell Bay National Park experiences a tropical climate with high humidity throughout the year. Average temperatures range from 23°C to 30°C (73-86°F). The region receives both southwest (May-September) and northeast (October-December) monsoons, with annual rainfall averaging 3000mm. The best time to visit is between December and April when the weather is relatively dry and pleasant. Humidity levels typically range from 70-90%, and the park experiences occasional tropical storms during monsoon seasons.

Campbell Bay National Park was established in 1992 to protect the unique ecosystem of Great Nicobar Island. Named after the adjacent Campbell Bay town, the park has historical significance as a strategic location during World War II. The area was traditionally home to the indigenous Nicobarese and Shompen tribes, who still inhabit parts of the island. The park gained additional protection status under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and has since been crucial in preserving the island's biodiversity.

The park's most distinctive feature is Mount Thullier, offering panoramic views of the surrounding forest and coastline. The Alexandria River flowing through the park creates numerous scenic waterfalls and rapids. The pristine beaches, particularly those at the southern tip, are important nesting sites for leatherback turtles. The park also contains several viewpoints offering opportunities to observe the unique wildlife and landscape. The surrounding coral reefs are among the most diverse in the region, though they were significantly impacted by the 2004 tsunami.