Benito Juárez

Benito Juárez National Park protects a critical watershed and forest ecosystem in the mountains just south of Mexico City in the State of Mexico. Established on the slopes of the Ajusco volcano, the park encompasses approximately 2,737 hectares of temperate forests at elevations between 2,600 and 3,900 meters. The park preserves important stands of pine, fir, and oak forests that provide vital ecosystem services to the Mexico City metropolitan area, including water regulation, air purification, and climate moderation. Rocky volcanic landscapes intermingle with forested valleys, creating diverse habitats for wildlife. The park serves as an accessible natural escape for millions of urban residents, offering hiking, mountain biking, and environmental education opportunities.

The forests of the Ajusco region have long provided resources for nearby communities, with sustainable forestry and agriculture practiced for generations. As Mexico City expanded rapidly in the 20th century, pressure on surrounding forests intensified through logging, charcoal production, and urban encroachment. Benito Juárez National Park was established in 1937 as part of Mexico's early conservation efforts, named after the renowned 19th-century president and reformer. The park aimed to protect the capital's water sources and provide recreation space for the growing population. Despite its protected status, the park has faced ongoing challenges from illegal logging, squatter settlements, and forest fires. Recent decades have seen increased investment in restoration, reforestation, and community engagement to strengthen conservation outcomes.

Located just 25 kilometers from Mexico City's center, Benito Juárez National Park is easily accessible via the Picacho-Ajusco highway, making it one of the most visited natural areas near the capital. The park has multiple entrance points with parking areas and basic facilities. A network of trails caters to hikers and mountain bikers of varying skill levels, from gentle forest walks to challenging ascents toward Ajusco peak. Weekend visitors can number in the thousands during good weather, with families picnicking and groups organizing outdoor activities. Basic services include restrooms, picnic areas, and small vendor stands near main entrances. The park lacks developed campgrounds or overnight facilities, functioning primarily as a day-use area. Educational programs target school groups and organized tours.

The park faces severe pressure from Mexico City's urban expansion, with illegal settlements encroaching on forest edges and affecting approximately 30% of the park's area. Reforestation programs plant thousands of native trees annually to combat historic logging and restore degraded areas. Water conservation is critical, as the forests recharge aquifers supplying millions of people with drinking water. Air quality monitoring shows the park helps filter pollutants from Mexico City's atmosphere. Wildfire prevention includes creating firebreaks, community fire brigades, and education campaigns during the dry season. The park works with local communities on sustainable livelihood programs, offering alternatives to illegal logging and land clearing while building local stewardship of forest resources.