The park hosts diverse wildlife including white-tailed deer, coyotes, rabbits, and numerous bird species. Notable inhabitants include the golden eagle, red-tailed hawk, and various woodpecker species. Small mammals such as squirrels, foxes, and field mice are common. The park serves as part of the broader ecosystem supporting the monarch butterfly migration, though it's not a primary overwintering site. Several endemic salamander species can be found in the park's streams and moist areas.
Bosencheve's forests are dominated by pine and oak species, including Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus montezumae, and various Quercus species. The understory features abundant ferns, mosses, and wild mushrooms, particularly during the rainy season. Alpine meadows at higher elevations support diverse wildflower communities, including lupines and paintbrush. The park also contains important stands of sacred fir (Abies religiosa), which provide crucial winter habitat for monarch butterflies.
The park is situated within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, characterized by volcanic formations from the Cenozoic era. The terrain features steep mountains, deep valleys, and volcanic cones, with elevations ranging from 2,800 to 3,400 meters above sea level. The underlying rock is primarily composed of andesite and basalt, with some areas showing evidence of ancient lava flows. Numerous springs and streams originate in the park, fed by the natural filtration through volcanic rock.
Established as a National Park in 1940 under President Lázaro Cárdenas, Bosencheve was created to protect the region's valuable forest resources and watershed. The area has historical significance for indigenous Mazahua and Otomí peoples who have lived in the region for centuries. The park's name comes from the Mazahua language, roughly translating to 'place of coyotes.' During the colonial period, the area was extensively logged, leading to its eventual protection status to preserve remaining old-growth forests.
Key attractions include the Bosencheve peak offering panoramic views of the surrounding valleys, numerous hiking trails through old-growth forest, and crystal-clear mountain streams. The park features several natural springs, including the source of the Tilostoc River. Historic stone structures from early conservation efforts remain visible. The park's location at the Estado de México-Michoacán border provides unique opportunities to observe the transition between different ecological zones. Several lookout points offer excellent opportunities for wildlife watching and photography.
Bosencheve National Park experiences a temperate subhumid climate typical of central Mexican highlands. Average temperatures range from 8°C to 20°C (46°F to 68°F), with cooler temperatures at higher elevations. The rainy season occurs from June to October, bringing regular afternoon showers. Winters are cool and relatively dry, with occasional frost at higher elevations. Spring tends to be the driest season, while summer and fall offer the most pleasant conditions for visiting.
Mexico
19.4330°, -100.2170°
1940
14.17
Bosencheve protects high-altitude forests in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The park features pine and fir forests with diverse wildlife. It serves as an important watershed for surrounding communities.