Caines Head

Caines Head State Recreation Area protects 5,961 acres of coastal wilderness on the eastern shore of Resurrection Bay near Seward, featuring spectacular scenery, historic World War II military installations, and excellent trail access to alpine terrain. The area is accessible by coastal hiking trail or boat from Seward, offering multi-day backpacking opportunities, beach camping, and exploration of Fort McGilvray, a strategic gun emplacement constructed to defend Alaska from Japanese attack during World War II.

The recreation area supports coastal wildlife including black bears, which are common along salmon streams and beaches. Harbor seals haul out on rocks along the coast. Whales including orcas and humpbacks pass through Resurrection Bay. Salmon spawn in coastal streams, and seabirds nest on rocky headlands. Bald eagles are abundant along the shoreline.

Coastal rainforest of Sitka spruce and hemlock covers the lower slopes. Alpine meadows with spectacular wildflower displays occur above treeline. The lush understory includes devil's club, ferns, and berry bushes. Beach and coastal meadow communities line the shore. The maritime climate supports rich vegetation.

The rugged coastline reflects glacial erosion and ongoing wave action along the Kenai Peninsula's eastern shore. Resurrection Bay occupies a glacially carved fjord. The steep terrain rises directly from sea level to alpine heights. Bedrock exposures along the coast reveal the peninsula's complex geology.

The maritime climate brings cool, wet conditions year-round. Summer temperatures range from 50-60°F with frequent clouds and rain. Winter brings heavy snow at higher elevations. The coastal trail can be challenging in any season due to tides and weather.

The area saw intensive military development during World War II, when Fort McGilvray was constructed to defend against potential Japanese invasion following the attack on the Aleutians. Massive gun emplacements were carved into the rock, and barracks and support facilities were built. The installation was never attacked and was abandoned after the war. The remains provide a fascinating glimpse of wartime Alaska.

The recreation area was established to protect the scenic coastline and historic military sites. Trail development provides access to the alpine terrain and historic features. The area offers some of the most accessible coastal wilderness near Seward. Management balances recreation with historic preservation.

The Coastal Trail provides the primary access, following the shore from Seward for approximately 4.5 miles to Derby Cove. Fort McGilvray offers exploration of historic military installations including gun emplacements and tunnels. Alpine hiking provides spectacular views. Beach camping at several sites offers multi-day trip options.

Several campgrounds provide overnight facilities, including Derby Cove and North Beach. Public use cabins are available by reservation. The coastal trail from Seward is tide-dependent in several sections. Water taxi service from Seward provides alternative access. No road access exists.

Protection of historic features while allowing public exploration requires careful management. Bear safety education helps prevent conflicts. Trail maintenance addresses erosion in the wet climate. The recreation area preserves an important combination of natural and historic resources.