The park hosts a diverse array of wildlife, including approximately 40 species of mammals, 331 bird species, and various amphibians and reptiles. Large mammals include white-tailed deer, moose, and black bears, though the latter are relatively rare. The coastal waters support harbor seals, porpoises, and various whale species during migration. Peregrine falcons nest on the cliff faces, having been successfully reintroduced after local extinction. The park's waters contain diverse marine life, including lobsters, starfish, and various fish species. Notable bird species include bald eagles, various seabirds, and numerous migratory species that use the park as a stopover point.
Acadia's diverse plant life includes over 1,100 species of vascular plants, ranging from coastal vegetation to subalpine plants. The forest is primarily composed of spruce and fir trees, with stands of oak, maple, and birch adding to the diversity. The park is famous for its wild blueberries and cranberries, which grow in abundance on the mountain slopes. Unique arctic-alpine plants survive on the exposed mountain summits, while salt-tolerant species thrive along the coastline. Spring brings wildflowers like lady's slippers and trillium, while fall showcases spectacular foliage with maples, birches, and other deciduous trees displaying vibrant colors.
The park's dramatic landscape was shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age, approximately 18,000 years ago. Cadillac Mountain, the highest point on the U.S. Atlantic coast at 1,530 feet, is composed of pink granite formed by ancient volcanic activity. The park features a unique combination of rounded mountains, carved by glaciers, meeting the sea, creating dramatic coastal cliffs and features like Thunder Hole. The landscape includes U-shaped valleys, glacial erratics, and distinctive fjord-like features. The granite bedrock dates back to the Devonian period, roughly 420 million years ago, and shows evidence of multiple periods of mountain building and erosion.
Acadia National Park was first established as Sieur de Monts National Monument in 1916, becoming Lafayette National Park in 1919 and finally Acadia National Park in 1929. The area has a rich human history dating back 12,000 years with the Wabanaki people. In the late 1800s, the area became a popular summer retreat for wealthy families, including the Rockefellers, Morgans, and Vanderbilts. John D. Rockefeller Jr. played a crucial role in the park's development, financing and overseeing the construction of the famous carriage roads. The devastating fire of 1947 burned over 10,000 acres of the park, significantly impacting its landscape and leading to subsequent regeneration efforts.
The park's most iconic features include the 27-mile Park Loop Road, offering access to major attractions like Thunder Hole, where waves crash into a natural inlet creating thunderous sounds. The historic carriage road system spans 45 miles of crushed stone paths, featuring 17 granite bridges. Cadillac Mountain, the highest point on the eastern seaboard, offers the first view of sunrise in the United States during certain times of the year. Sand Beach, a rare natural sand beach nestled between granite mountains, and Jordan Pond, known for its crystal-clear waters and stunning mountain views, are popular destinations. The Bass Harbor Head Lighthouse, standing on dramatic cliffs, is one of the most photographed locations in the park.
Acadia National Park experiences distinct seasonal changes typical of the New England region. Summers are relatively mild and humid, with temperatures ranging from 45°F to 85°F (7-29°C), while winters are cold and snowy, often dropping below freezing with temperatures from 14°F to 35°F (-10 to 2°C). Fall brings spectacular foliage and comfortable temperatures, making it a popular visiting season. Spring tends to be cool and wet, with frequent fog along the coast. Weather can change rapidly due to the park's coastal location, and fog is common throughout the year, particularly in the morning hours. Annual precipitation is well-distributed throughout the year, with occasional nor'easters bringing heavy rain or snow.
USA
44.3500°, -68.2160°
February 26, 1919
198.6
Acadia National Park encompasses the natural beauty of the highest rocky headlands along the Atlantic coastline. The park consists of a rugged landscape on Mount Desert Island and other smaller islands off the coast of Maine. It features granite cliffs, rocky beaches, woodlands, and glacier-carved mountains including Cadillac Mountain, the highest point on the eastern seaboard.