Valle del Lunarejo

The area supports a diverse array of wildlife, including several threatened species. Notable mammals include the margay (Leopardus wiedii), capybara, and various bat species. The bird life is particularly rich, with over 150 recorded species, including the black-and-white hawk-eagle and red-winged tinamou. The region also hosts numerous amphibian species, including several endemic to the area, and a variety of reptiles such as the crossed pit viper. The protected area serves as an important wildlife corridor connecting Brazilian and Uruguayan ecosystems.

The protected area hosts a rich diversity of plant life, representing a unique transition zone between Brazilian and Uruguayan flora. The landscape features subtropical forest in the valleys, native grasslands on the highlands, and gallery forests along waterways. Notable species include the yerba mate tree (Ilex paraguariensis), various orchids, and numerous fern species. The deep valleys harbor several endemic plant species and serve as refuges for rare flora, including some species typically found in Brazil's Atlantic Forest.

The landscape is characterized by distinctive basalt formations dating back to the Cretaceous period, approximately 130 million years ago. The area features dramatic canyons, cliffs, and waterfalls formed by the erosion of basaltic rock layers. The region sits on the Cuchilla Negra formation, part of the broader Paraná Basin. Deep valleys, known locally as 'quebradas,' were carved by water erosion over millions of years, creating a unique topography of steep cliffs, natural amphitheaters, and numerous waterfalls.

Valle del Lunarejo experiences a subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Summers (December-February) are warm with temperatures reaching 30°C (86°F), while winters (June-August) are mild with occasional frost and temperatures around 10-15°C (50-59°F). The region receives consistent rainfall throughout the year, with an annual average of 1,500mm. Spring and autumn are particularly pleasant for visiting, with moderate temperatures and beautiful natural colors. Morning mist is common in the valleys, creating ethereal landscapes especially during winter months.

The Valle del Lunarejo area has been inhabited since pre-Columbian times by indigenous peoples, particularly the Guaraní. The region was later influenced by Portuguese and Spanish colonial activities, though its rugged terrain kept it relatively isolated. It was designated as a Protected Landscape in 2009, becoming part of Uruguay's National System of Protected Areas (SNAP). The area has historically been used for small-scale cattle ranching and agriculture, activities that continue today in harmony with conservation efforts.

Key attractions include the Lunarejo Canyon, numerous waterfalls such as the Salto del Indio and Salto de la Cueva, and extensive hiking trails offering panoramic views. The area is known for its distinctive red sandstone cliffs, natural springs, and crystal-clear streams. Several archaeological sites featuring indigenous rock art can be found within the protected area. The landscape also includes traditional ranches (estancias) that offer visitor accommodations and opportunities to experience local rural culture. The combination of dramatic geology, biodiversity, and cultural heritage makes Valle del Lunarejo a unique destination in Uruguay.