Wildlife in the park includes a variety of native mammals such as capybaras, foxes, and armadillos. The park is particularly important for birdwatching, hosting over 100 bird species including southern lapwings, rufous horneros, and several species of herons. The riverside location makes it an important stopover for migratory birds. Small reptiles and amphibians are common, especially near water bodies. The park also maintains a small population of non-native deer introduced during the estate period.
The park showcases a diverse mix of native and introduced plant species. Natural grasslands dominate the landscape, featuring typical Pampas vegetation. The park is known for its extensive stands of eucalyptus and pine, planted during the estate's private ownership. Native species include tala, coronilla, and ombú trees. The gardens near the mansion feature ornamental species and a notable collection of exotic trees from Europe and Asia. Coastal areas support salt-tolerant vegetation adapted to the riverside environment.
The park's landscape is characterized by gently rolling hills and coastal plains along the Rio de la Plata. The terrain consists primarily of crystalline basement rocks overlain by sedimentary deposits. The coastline features small cliffs and rocky outcrops, formed by centuries of erosion from the river. The soil is generally fertile, composed of loam and clay, supporting diverse vegetation. Several small streams cross the park, creating micro-ecosystems in their valleys.
The park was formerly part of the extensive Anchorena family estate, one of Uruguay's most prominent families. In 1927, Aaron de Anchorena donated the land to the Uruguayan government, transforming it into a national park. The estate's main mansion, built in 1910, reflects European architectural influences and served as a summer residence for Uruguayan presidents. The park's transformation from private estate to public land marked an important milestone in Uruguay's conservation history, preserving both natural landscapes and cultural heritage.
The centerpiece of the park is the historic Anchorena Mansion, an impressive example of early 20th-century architecture. The park includes well-maintained formal gardens, a network of hiking trails, and scenic viewpoints overlooking the Rio de la Plata. A unique feature is the old port facility, which once served the estate. The park also contains several historic outbuildings, including stables and gardener's quarters. Modern facilities include a visitor center, picnic areas, and interpretive signage explaining the park's natural and cultural history.
Anchorena National Park experiences a temperate climate typical of Uruguay's southern region. Summers (December to February) are warm with average temperatures between 22-28°C (72-82°F), while winters (June to August) are mild with temperatures ranging from 8-15°C (46-59°F). Rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, with an annual average of 1000mm. Spring and autumn are particularly pleasant for visiting, with moderate temperatures and less humidity. Strong winds from the Rio de la Plata can occur year-round, especially in the coastal areas of the park.
Uruguay
-34.4710°, -57.3330°
1915
15.8
Anchorena is a historic park featuring the presidential summer residence and extensive gardens. The park contains a mix of native and exotic tree species, along with various wildlife. It offers stunning views of the Rio de la Plata and includes walking trails and picnic areas.