The forest supports a diverse wildlife population, including mammals such as wild boar, jungle cats, and jackals. The area is particularly important for birdlife, serving as a crucial stopover point for migratory birds along the Caspian flyway. Over 250 bird species have been recorded here, including several endangered species. The forest's waterways support various fish species, while the understory harbors numerous reptile and amphibian species.
The Samursky Forest is home to over 1,000 plant species, including many rare and endemic varieties. The forest canopy is dominated by oak, hornbeam, and elm trees, with some specimens reaching ages of 100-150 years. The understory features a rich variety of lianas, including wild grape vines. The forest also contains valuable medicinal plants and rare species listed in Russia's Red Book of endangered species.
The forest is situated in the Samur River delta region, characterized by alluvial plains and rich soil deposits. The terrain is relatively flat with slight elevations, formed by centuries of sediment deposition from the Samur River. The soil is primarily composed of fertile alluvial deposits, which support the diverse vegetation. Underground freshwater reserves play a crucial role in maintaining the forest's ecosystem.
The Samursky Forest has been a protected area since 1982 and represents one of the last remaining subtropical forests in Russia. Historically, the forest served as an important natural boundary between different ethnic groups in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan. The area has been inhabited since ancient times, with archaeological evidence suggesting human presence dating back several millennia. Local communities have traditionally used the forest for its resources while maintaining its ecological balance.
Key attractions include the ancient oak groves, some containing trees over a century old, and the network of forest trails suitable for hiking and nature observation. The Samur River delta provides excellent birdwatching opportunities, especially during migration seasons. The forest contains several natural springs and small lakes, creating unique microhabitats. Educational nature trails have been established to help visitors learn about the forest's ecosystem while minimizing environmental impact.
The Samursky Forest experiences a subtropical climate with mild winters and warm summers. Average summer temperatures range from 24-30°C (75-86°F), while winter temperatures typically stay above freezing at 3-8°C (37-46°F). The area receives significant rainfall throughout the year, with annual precipitation around 600-800mm, contributing to its lush vegetation. The best time to visit is from May to October when conditions are most favorable for outdoor activities.
Russia
41.8500°, 48.5000°
2019
480
Samursky National Park is home to the northernmost liana forest in the world. The park protects unique floodplain forests along the Samur River delta. It harbors numerous endemic plant species and serves as an important bird migration corridor.