Rio Clarillo harbors a diverse array of wildlife, including approximately 115 vertebrate species. Notable mammals include the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus), Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus), and small mammals like the degu (Octodon degus). The reserve is particularly important for birdlife, hosting over 80 bird species including the Chilean flicker (Colaptes pitius), giant hummingbird (Patagona gigas), and various raptors. Reptiles and amphibians found in the reserve include Darwin's leaf-eared mouse (Phyllotis darwini) and various lizard species.
The reserve showcases characteristic central Chilean Mediterranean vegetation, with over 600 plant species identified. The dominant vegetation includes sclerophyllous forest featuring peumo (Cryptocarya alba), quillay (Quillaja saponaria), and litre (Lithraea caustica). At higher elevations, visitors can find Andean species such as the Chilean cypress (Austrocedrus chilensis) and high-altitude cushion plants. The reserve is also home to several endemic species and serves as an important refuge for threatened plant species of central Chile.
The reserve is situated in the foothills of the Andes Mountains, with elevations ranging from 850 to 2,950 meters above sea level. The landscape was shaped by glacial and volcanic activity, resulting in steep valleys and dramatic rock formations. The area is characterized by metamorphic and volcanic rocks, with significant deposits of andesite and basalt. The Clarillo River has carved deep valleys through the terrain, creating a complex network of watersheds and drainage systems that are crucial to the local ecosystem.
Rio Clarillo National Reserve was established in 1982 to protect the watershed of the Clarillo River and preserve the native flora and fauna of Chile's central region. The area has historical significance dating back to pre-Columbian times, when indigenous peoples, particularly the Picunche, inhabited the region. During the Spanish colonial period, the area was used for livestock grazing and small-scale agriculture. The reserve's creation marked a shift toward conservation, protecting one of the last remaining examples of Mediterranean ecosystem in the Santiago Metropolitan Region.
The reserve's most prominent feature is the Clarillo River, which provides clean water to surrounding communities and creates numerous swimming holes and waterfalls popular with visitors. The 'Sendero Interpretativo' (Interpretive Trail) offers educational signage about local ecology. Several viewpoints provide panoramic vistas of the Andes Mountains and Santiago Valley. The reserve also features well-maintained picnic areas, camping facilities, and a visitor center with educational exhibits. The combination of accessibility from Santiago (just 45 kilometers away) and pristine natural environment makes it a valuable recreational and educational resource.
Rio Clarillo National Reserve experiences a Mediterranean climate typical of central Chile, with warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Summer temperatures (December to February) typically range from 25-30°C (77-86°F), while winter temperatures (June to August) can drop to 5-15°C (41-59°F). The reserve receives most of its rainfall during winter months, with an annual average of 500-600mm. Spring (September to November) and autumn (March to May) offer the most pleasant conditions for visiting, with moderate temperatures and clearer skies.
Chile
-33.8510°, -70.4160°
1982
132.8
Rio Clarillo National Reserve is an important protected area near Santiago featuring Mediterranean forest ecosystems. The reserve protects the watershed of the Clarillo River and provides habitat for numerous native species. It serves as a popular recreational area for hiking and nature observation.