The park is renowned for its significant tiger population, with approximately 40-50 tigers residing within its boundaries. Other major predators include leopards, wild dogs (dholes), and jackals. The herbivore population is represented by spotted deer, sambar, nilgai, wild boar, and gaur. Pench is also home to over 285 species of resident and migratory birds, including several endangered species. Notable avian inhabitants include Indian Pitta, Paradise Flycatcher, and various eagles. The park also harbors numerous reptile species, including the Indian Python and Monitor Lizard.
Pench boasts a diverse flora comprising mainly Southern tropical dry deciduous forests. The dominant tree species include Teak, Mahua, Tendu, Bija, and Achar. The park features extensive stands of Bamboo and various climbers. The vegetation varies from dense woodlands to open canopy forests, with patches of grasslands interspersed throughout. During spring, the forest floor comes alive with colorful wildflowers, while the post-monsoon period sees lush undergrowth. The park contains over 1,200 species of plants, including several medicinal herbs.
The park's terrain is characterized by undulating hills, deep valleys, and the meandering Pench River. The landscape consists primarily of Deccan trap formations with underlying crystalline rocks. The area features various soil types including alluvial soil along the river banks and sandy loam in other regions. The topography ranges from flat plains to rolling hills, with elevations varying between 425 and 625 meters above sea level. The river system creates numerous seasonal streams and nullahs, forming a crucial water network throughout the park.
Pench National Park, established in 1975, gained its Tiger Reserve status in 1992. The park is believed to be the setting that inspired Rudyard Kipling's 'The Jungle Book.' The area has a rich historical connection with ancient human settlements, as evidenced by archaeological findings. Historically, the region was part of the Gondwana kingdom and later served as hunting grounds for the British colonial officers. The park was named after the Pench River, which flows through its heart, dividing the park between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
The Pench River, serving as the park's lifeline, creates numerous perennial water bodies that attract wildlife year-round. The Priyadarshini Tourism Complex offers excellent accommodation and viewing facilities. Several ancient temples and archaeological sites within and around the park add cultural significance. The park's watchtowers, particularly the ones at Sitaghat and Bodhanala, provide exceptional wildlife viewing opportunities. The interpretation center at Sillari Gate offers valuable information about the park's ecosystem and conservation efforts. The park's location across two states has led to unique administrative cooperation for wildlife protection.
Pench National Park experiences a typical Central Indian climate with distinct seasons. Summers (March to June) are hot and dry with temperatures reaching up to 45°C. The monsoon season (July to September) brings moderate rainfall, turning the landscape lush green. Winters (November to February) are mild and pleasant with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 25°C, making it the ideal time for wildlife viewing. The park remains closed during the peak monsoon period from July to September.
India
21.6690°, 79.3090°
1975
257.3
Pench National Park is known for its Bengal tigers and is one of India's premier tiger reserves. The park features teak forests and several species of wild animals including leopards, wild dogs, and various deer species. The park was one of the inspirations for Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book.