Neusiedler See-Seewinkel

The lake and its surrounding wetlands provide crucial habitat for numerous bird species, making it one of Europe's premier birdwatching destinations. Over 350 bird species have been recorded, including rare waterfowl, waders, and migratory birds. The area also supports significant populations of amphibians, fish species adapted to shallow, brackish water, and unique invertebrates.

The region supports diverse plant communities adapted to its alkaline conditions and varying water levels. Notable species include rare halophytic (salt-tolerant) plants, extensive reed beds covering about half the lake's surface, and unique grassland vegetation. The area harbors several endemic plant species and represents one of Central Europe's largest continuous reed beds.

Neusiedler See is a shallow steppe lake formed during the last ice age, approximately 13,000 years ago. With an average depth of only 1.5 meters, it is the largest endorheic lake in Central Europe. The surrounding Seewinkel area features numerous salt ponds (called 'Lacken') formed by groundwater fluctuations and mineral deposits, creating a unique geological landscape.

The Neusiedler See region enjoys a Pannonian climate characterized by hot summers, mild winters, and around 2,000 hours of annual sunshine. With average summer temperatures reaching 25°C (77°F) and relatively low annual rainfall of 600mm, the area experiences significant evaporation that helps maintain its unique steppe ecosystem. Strong winds from the northwest, known locally as 'Seewinkel winds,' are a distinctive feature of the region.

The lake and its surroundings have been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of Roman and Celtic settlements. The area gained significance during the Middle Ages as part of the Hungarian kingdom. In 1920, following the Treaty of Trianon, the lake was divided between Austria and Hungary. The region received UNESCO World Heritage status in 2001, recognizing its cultural landscape and natural importance.

Key attractions include the extensive reed belt, traditional wine-growing regions, historic towns like Rust with its famous stork nests, and the Seewinkel salt ponds. The national park offers excellent cycling and hiking trails, birdwatching facilities, and opportunities for water sports. The region is also renowned for its wine production, particularly the sweet wines from the Rust area.