Marinho de Fernando de Noronha

The marine park is renowned for its rich marine biodiversity, hosting over 230 fish species, sea turtles, spinner dolphins, and various shark species. The resident spinner dolphin population is one of the archipelago's main attractions, with regular sightings in Baía dos Golfinhos. The islands also serve as important breeding grounds for several seabird species, including the brown noddy and the masked booby.

Despite its volcanic origin, Fernando de Noronha supports diverse vegetation including endemic species adapted to its unique environment. The islands feature a mix of Brazilian Atlantic Forest species and coastal vegetation, with notable presence of mulungu trees, burra leiteira, and gameleira. The marine environment hosts extensive seaweed beds and coral formations that are crucial for the local ecosystem.

The archipelago consists of 21 volcanic islands and islets, formed approximately 12 million years ago through volcanic activity. The main island features dramatic basalt formations, including the iconic Morro do Pico, which rises 323 meters above sea level. The volcanic origin has created unique geological features including underwater caves, tunnels, and rocky outcrops that provide essential habitats for marine life.

Fernando de Noronha experiences a tropical climate with two distinct seasons: a dry season from September to March and a rainy season from April to August. Average temperatures remain consistently warm throughout the year, ranging from 26-28°C (79-82°F). The waters surrounding the archipelago maintain a pleasant temperature of around 24-26°C (75-79°F) year-round, making it ideal for swimming and water activities. Visibility for diving is best during the dry season, often exceeding 30 meters.

The archipelago was first discovered by Portuguese navigator Fernão de Noronha in 1503, who received it as a gift from the Portuguese crown. Throughout its history, the islands served various purposes including as a prison, a U.S. military base during World War II, and finally as a marine national park in 1988. The area was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2001, recognizing its unique ecosystem and importance for marine conservation.

The park's most celebrated attractions include Baía do Sancho, consistently ranked among the world's most beautiful beaches, and Praia do Leão, a crucial sea turtle nesting site. The Forte dos Remédios, a historical fortress, offers panoramic views of the archipelago. The underwater landscape features numerous dive sites with coral formations, shipwrecks, and abundant marine life, making it one of Brazil's premier diving destinations.