The park supports diverse wildlife, including several endangered species. Notable mammals include the huemul (Andean deer), puma, pudú (world's smallest deer), and the endangered Andean cat. The birdlife is equally rich, featuring Andean condors, black-browed albatross, torrent ducks, and various species of woodpeckers. The park's waters host native fish species such as perca and puyen, though introduced trout species now dominate many waterways. Several endemic amphibians and reptiles also inhabit the park's varied ecosystems.
The park is home to one of the largest concentrations of Alerce trees (Fitzroya cupressoides), some of which are over 3,000 years old. These ancient conifers can grow up to 60 meters tall and are among the longest-living trees on Earth. The vegetation varies with altitude, featuring Valdivian temperate rainforest at lower elevations with species like coihue, lenga, and ñire trees. The understory is rich in bamboo (Chusquea culeou), ferns, and numerous flowering plants. Alpine meadows above the treeline support hardy cushion plants and other high-altitude species.
The park's landscape was primarily shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age, resulting in dramatic U-shaped valleys, moraines, and numerous glacial lakes. The terrain is characterized by the Andes Mountains' eastern slopes, with elevations ranging from 300 to 2,250 meters above sea level. The geological foundation consists mainly of metamorphic and igneous rocks, including granite and basalt formations. The area continues to be influenced by tectonic activity, as evidenced by the presence of thermal springs and the park's location along the Andes fault line.
Los Alerces National Park was established in 1937 to protect the rare and ancient Alerce trees and the region's pristine wilderness. The park was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2017 due to its exceptional natural beauty and biological significance. The area has historical importance to indigenous peoples, particularly the Tehuelche and Mapuche, who inhabited the region before European colonization. The park's creation was part of Argentina's broader conservation movement in the early 20th century, led by Francisco P. Moreno, who recognized the need to protect Patagonia's unique ecosystems.
The park's most striking features include Lake Futalaufquen, a stunning glacial lake with crystal-clear turquoise waters, and the Green Lake, known for its intense emerald color. The ancient Alerce forest in the Alerce Valley is a major attraction, featuring some of the oldest living organisms in South America. The park also boasts numerous waterfalls, including the spectacular Cascada Irigoyen, and impressive glaciers such as the Torrecillas Glacier. The extensive network of hiking trails, including the famous Alerce Trail, offers visitors access to these remarkable features while providing panoramic views of the surrounding Andean peaks.
Los Alerces National Park experiences a temperate climate with marked seasonal variations. Summers (December to February) are mild and relatively dry, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Winters (June to August) are cold and wet, with temperatures between 0°C and 8°C (32°F to 46°F), and frequent snowfall in higher elevations. The park receives significant rainfall throughout the year, with an annual average of 3,000mm, particularly during winter and spring months. The best time to visit is during the austral summer when weather conditions are most favorable for outdoor activities.
Argentina
-42.8830°, -71.8830°
1937
2630
Los Alerces National Park protects some of the oldest living trees in South America, including ancient Alerce trees over 3,000 years old. The park features spectacular glacial lakes, rivers, and Andean-Patagonian forest. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site for its outstanding natural beauty and ecological significance.