Lake Beyşehir is renowned for its rich wildlife, particularly its bird populations, with over 150 bird species recorded. The lake serves as a crucial stopover point for migratory birds and hosts significant populations of waterfowl, including pelicans, herons, and various duck species. The lake's waters contain several fish species, including carp, pike, and endemic species unique to Turkish lakes. The surrounding forests provide habitat for mammals such as wild boar, foxes, jackals, and various species of deer. The park also supports diverse populations of reptiles and amphibians.
The national park hosts a rich variety of plant species, with over 300 documented varieties. The surrounding mountains feature extensive pine forests, primarily consisting of Turkish pine (Pinus brutia) and black pine (Pinus nigra). The shoreline areas support extensive reed beds and marsh vegetation, including various species of rushes and sedges. The park also contains significant populations of rare endemic plants, including several species of orchids and wildflowers unique to the region. Aquatic vegetation plays a crucial role in the lake's ecosystem, with various species of pondweed and water lilies present.
The lake was formed by tectonic activity during the Pleistocene epoch and is situated in a large depression between the Sultan Mountains and Anamas Mountains. The lake basin is characterized by limestone formations and karst topography, with numerous underground water sources feeding the lake. The surrounding landscape features dramatic limestone cliffs, volcanic formations, and alluvial plains. The lake itself covers an area of approximately 650 square kilometers, making it Turkey's largest freshwater lake, with an average depth of 6 meters and maximum depth reaching 10 meters.
Lake Beyşehir and its surrounding area have been inhabited since ancient times, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Hittite period. The region gained particular significance during the Seljuk period (13th century), when the lake served as an important water source for the nearby city of Konya. The area contains several historical monuments, including the Eşrefoğlu Mosque, built in 1299, and various Seljuk-era structures. The national park was established in 1993 to protect the lake's ecosystem and historical heritage. Archaeological findings around the lake indicate continuous human presence through Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods.
The park's most distinctive feature is Lake Beyşehir itself, with its numerous islands, including Hacı Akif Island and Mada Island, which contain important archaeological sites. The Eşrefoğlu Mosque, a UNESCO World Heritage candidate, stands as an exceptional example of Seljuk architecture. The park offers extensive recreational opportunities, including hiking trails, bird watching stations, and water sports facilities. Several beaches along the lakeshore provide swimming opportunities during summer months. The park also features camping areas, picnic facilities, and observation points offering panoramic views of the lake and surrounding mountains.
Lake Beyşehir National Park experiences a continental climate with significant seasonal variations. Summers are warm and dry with average temperatures ranging from 25-30°C (77-86°F), while winters are cold with temperatures often dropping below freezing, typically between -5°C and 5°C (23-41°F). The region receives most of its precipitation in spring and autumn, with annual rainfall averaging 500mm. The lake's presence moderates local temperatures and creates a unique microclimate that supports the park's diverse ecosystem. Visitors should be prepared for sudden weather changes, particularly in spring and autumn months.
Turkey
37.7850°, 31.7160°
1993
882.67
Turkey's largest freshwater lake and an important bird sanctuary. The park features historical Seljuk-era monuments and islands dotting the lake. It provides crucial habitat for numerous bird species and offers excellent fishing opportunities.