The park's diverse ecosystems support a rich variety of wildlife, including white-tailed deer, coyotes, rabbits, and several species of small mammals. Bird life is particularly abundant, with resident and migratory species including woodpeckers, hummingbirds, and various raptors. The lakes host several amphibian species, including the endangered Mexican axolotl and various salamander species. Notable endemic species include the Zempoala stream salamander. The park also supports numerous butterfly species and other insects, making it an important sanctuary for highland biodiversity.
The park hosts diverse vegetation zones dominated by oyamel fir (Abies religiosa) and pine forests (Pinus hartwegii and Pinus montezumae). The understory features rich assemblages of alpine and subalpine plants, including various species of moss, lichens, and flowering plants. Notable species include sacred fir, Mexican white pine, and numerous wildflowers such as lupines and paintbrush. The lakeshores support aquatic vegetation including water lilies, rushes, and various species of algae. The park's varied elevation creates distinct vegetation bands, with alpine meadows at higher elevations.
The park's landscape was formed by volcanic activity during the late Pleistocene period, creating a series of crater lakes within volcanic depressions. The area sits within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, characterized by basaltic and andesitic rocks. The seven main lakes were formed by glacial activity and volcanic processes, with some being crater lakes while others resulted from glacial damming. The surrounding terrain features volcanic cones, lava flows, and ash deposits, with soils primarily composed of volcanic origin materials, including andosols rich in organic matter.
The park was established in 1936 under President Lázaro Cárdenas to protect its unique lake system and surrounding forests. The area has historical significance dating back to pre-Hispanic times, when it was considered sacred by indigenous peoples, particularly the Aztecs who used the lakes for religious ceremonies. The name 'Zempoala' comes from Náhuatl, meaning 'twenty waters' or 'place of abundant water.' During the Mexican Revolution, the area served as a refuge for revolutionary forces. In 1936, it became one of Mexico's first national parks, covering approximately 4,790 hectares across the states of Morelos and México.
The park's main attraction is its system of seven lakes: Zempoala (the largest), Compila, Tonatiahua, Acoyotongo, Acomantla, Hueyapan, and Quila. Lake Zempoala, the most accessible, offers boat rides and fishing opportunities. The park features numerous hiking trails, including paths connecting different lakes and routes to scenic viewpoints. The 'Paraje Ocotal' area provides camping facilities and picnic areas. The park's location between Mexico City and Cuernavaca makes it a popular weekend destination. Visitors can enjoy activities such as hiking, photography, bird watching, and camping, with the best views of the lakes available from surrounding hillsides.
Lagunas de Zempoala experiences a temperate sub-humid climate typical of high-altitude Mexican forests. Average temperatures range from 5-15°C (41-59°F), with summer highs reaching 20°C (68°F) and winter lows occasionally dropping below freezing. The rainy season runs from June to October, with maximum precipitation in July and August. The park's elevation of 2,800-3,600 meters (9,186-11,811 feet) creates distinct microclimates, with mornings often misty and afternoons generally clear. Visitors should be prepared for sudden weather changes and afternoon thunderstorms during rainy season.
Mexico
19.0470°, -99.3160°
1936
47.8
This park contains seven main lakes surrounded by forests of pine and fir trees. It's a popular weekend destination for residents of Mexico City and Cuernavaca. The park offers hiking trails, horseback riding, and opportunities for nature photography.