The park harbors a rich diversity of wildlife, including several endangered species. Notable mammals include the pudú (world's smallest deer), puma, and Andean fox. The bird population is particularly diverse, featuring species like the Magellanic woodpecker, Andean condor, and various waterfowl. The park's waters support native fish species such as perca and pejerrey, while amphibians like Darwin's frog can be found in the forest understory. The area also serves as habitat for the endangered huemul deer.
The park showcases a diverse range of vegetation zones, characterized by Valdivian temperate rainforest elements. Dominant tree species include coihue (Nothofagus dombeyi), cypress (Austrocedrus chilensis), and arrayán (Luma apiculata). The understory features bamboo species like colihue (Chusquea culeou) and numerous ferns. The park's unique microclimate also supports various species of orchids and other flowering plants, while the lakeshores host characteristic wetland vegetation.
The park's landscape was largely shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age, resulting in the formation of Lake Puelo and its surrounding valley. The area features characteristic U-shaped valleys, moraines, and glacial deposits. The park sits within the Andean mountain range, with metamorphic and igneous rocks predominating. The lake itself occupies a glacial valley at 200 meters above sea level, surrounded by mountains reaching heights of up to 2,000 meters, including the prominent Cerro Tres Picos.
The park was established in 1937 to protect the unique ecosystem surrounding Lake Puelo. The area has a rich cultural history, with evidence of indigenous Tehuelche and Mapuche settlements dating back centuries. Early European settlers arrived in the late 19th century, primarily Chilean and German immigrants who established small farming communities. The park was initially created as a forest reserve before being designated as a national park in 1971, encompassing 27,674 hectares of protected land.
Lake Puelo is the park's centerpiece, known for its striking turquoise waters and exceptional clarity. The lake extends into Chile, creating a natural border between the two countries. The park offers numerous hiking trails, including the popular Mirador del Lago trail, which provides panoramic views of the lake and surrounding mountains. The Cabeza del Indio (Indian's Head) rock formation is a distinctive landmark. The park also features several beaches along the lakeshore, thermal springs, and the confluence of the Puelo and Turbio rivers, making it a prime destination for water activities and nature observation.
Lago Puelo National Park experiences a temperate climate influenced by its location in the Andean-Patagonian region. The area receives significant rainfall, particularly during winter months (June-August), with annual precipitation averaging 1,600mm. Summers (December-February) are mild and relatively dry, with temperatures ranging from 20-25°C (68-77°F), while winters are cool and wet, with temperatures between 2-10°C (36-50°F). The park's unique microclimate, created by its valley location and proximity to the lake, allows for more moderate temperatures compared to surrounding areas.
Argentina
-42.2000°, -71.6170°
1937
276.74
Lago Puelo National Park is centered around the stunning turquoise waters of Lake Puelo. The park features dense Valdivian temperate rainforest and dramatic Andean mountains. It serves as an important ecological corridor between Argentina and Chile, protecting unique flora and fauna adapted to the humid microclimate.