The park supports diverse wildlife populations, including large mammals such as red deer, wild boar, and wolves. The grasslands provide habitat for marmots, corsac foxes, and various rodent species. The lake area is particularly important for birdlife, hosting numerous waterfowl species including ruddy shelducks, bar-headed geese, and great cormorants. During migration seasons, the lake serves as a crucial stopover for many bird species. The park also supports various raptor species, including golden eagles and steppe eagles.
The park's vegetation varies with altitude and includes alpine meadows, taiga forest, and steppe grasslands. The lower slopes feature Siberian larch forests, while higher elevations support alpine species adapted to harsh conditions. The grasslands contain over 100 species of plants, including various medicinal herbs used in traditional Mongolian medicine. Around the lake, visitors can find wetland vegetation and rare aquatic plants. The volcanic areas host specialized plant communities adapted to the basaltic soil conditions.
The park's most striking geological feature is the Khorgo volcano, a perfectly-formed extinct crater rising 200 meters above the surrounding landscape. The volcano last erupted approximately 8,000 years ago, leaving behind extensive basalt fields and unique volcanic formations. The 16km-long Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake was formed when ancient lava flows blocked the Terkh River's valley. The surrounding area showcases various volcanic features including cinder cones, lava tubes, and distinctive basalt formations, making it a significant site for geological study.
The area has been significant to Mongolian culture for centuries, with evidence of human habitation dating back to ancient times. The volcanic crater of Khorgo was considered sacred by local nomadic peoples, who incorporated it into their spiritual practices. The park was officially established in 1965 to protect its unique volcanic landscapes and the pristine Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake (White Lake). Traditional nomadic herding practices continue within and around the park boundaries, offering visitors glimpses into Mongolia's pastoral heritage and traditional way of life.
The park's main attractions include the perfectly-formed Khorgo volcanic crater, accessible via a hiking trail with wooden steps leading to the rim, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The crystal-clear Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake provides opportunities for fishing, boating, and photography. Unique volcanic features include the 'Red Rock' area, showcasing dramatic basalt formations and lava bubbles. The park also contains several natural springs and excellent hiking trails. Traditional ger camps around the lake offer authentic Mongolian accommodation experiences, and visitors can observe traditional nomadic lifestyle practices still maintained by local herding families.
The park experiences a typical Mongolian continental climate with distinct seasonal variations. Summers (June-August) are mild and pleasant with temperatures ranging from 10-20°C (50-68°F), while winters (December-February) are severely cold, often dropping below -30°C (-22°F). Spring and autumn are brief transitional seasons marked by variable conditions. The region receives most of its precipitation during the summer months, with July being the wettest. Visitors should be prepared for sudden weather changes, as mountain conditions can shift rapidly, and strong winds are common throughout the year.
Mongolia
48.1670°, 99.8330°
1965
773
Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan National Park features an extinct volcano and the pristine White Lake (Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur). The park is known for its unique volcanic formations, including the Khorgo crater and extensive lava fields. The area provides important habitat for various waterfowl species and offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape.