The park's diverse ecosystems support a rich variety of wildlife, including large mammals such as brown bears, wolves, wild boar, and chamois. The region is also an important habitat for birds of prey, including golden eagles and falcon species. The lakes and streams within the park harbor various fish species, including trout, while numerous butterfly species add to the area's biodiversity.
The park hosts over 500 plant species, including several endemic to Turkey. The lower elevations feature dense forests of Scots pine, Oriental beech, and hornbeam, while higher altitudes support alpine meadows with unique high-altitude vegetation. The area is particularly known for its rich variety of wildflowers, including rare orchid species that bloom in spring and early summer.
The park's dramatic landscape was shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age, resulting in U-shaped valleys, cirque lakes, and distinctive rock formations. Karagöl (Black Lake) itself occupies a glacial depression, while the surrounding mountains consist primarily of volcanic and metamorphic rocks. The terrain varies from 1,800 to 3,000 meters above sea level, creating diverse microclimates and habitats.
The Karagöl-Sahara region has been inhabited since ancient times, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Chalcolithic period. The area served as an important route connecting the Black Sea coast to inner Anatolia, and various civilizations including the Byzantines and Ottomans have left their mark on the region. The site was designated as a national park in 1994 to protect its unique natural and cultural heritage.
The park's centerpiece is Karagöl (Black Lake), a pristine glacial lake surrounded by dense forest and mountain peaks. The Sahara Plateau offers spectacular panoramic views and unique alpine meadows. Visitors can explore numerous hiking trails, including routes to secondary lakes and viewpoints. Traditional villages around the park showcase local architecture and culture, while several camping areas provide facilities for overnight stays.
The Karagöl-Sahara National Park experiences a transitional climate between Black Sea and continental weather patterns. Summers are moderately warm with temperatures ranging from 20-25°C, while winters bring significant snowfall and temperatures often dropping below freezing. The region receives substantial precipitation throughout the year, with peak rainfall in spring and autumn, creating ideal conditions for the park's diverse ecosystem.
Turkey
41.3670°, 42.4830°
1994
32.5
Features a beautiful mountain lake surrounded by dense forests and alpine meadows. The park is known for its pristine natural beauty and traditional pastoral activities. It offers excellent opportunities for hiking and nature photography.