The park is home to diverse wildlife including several endangered species. Notable mammals include leopards, elephants, sambar deer, spotted deer, barking deer, and wild boar. The park harbors over 200 bird species, making it a paradise for birdwatchers, with species like the Great Hornbill, Red Junglefowl, and various eagles. Reptilian fauna includes pythons, monitor lizards, and various snake species. The park also supports numerous butterfly species and other insects, contributing to its rich biodiversity.
Kalesar National Park boasts a rich diversity of flora with over 500 plant species. The vegetation is primarily tropical moist deciduous forest dominated by Sal (Shorea robusta) trees. Other significant tree species include Khair, Sisham, Sagwan (Teak), and various bamboo species. The understory is rich in medicinal plants, ferns, and orchids. The park also features patches of grasslands and several climber species. The diverse plant life provides crucial habitat and food sources for the park's wildlife population.
The park is situated in the Shiwalik Hills, the youngest mountain range of the Himalayas, characterized by fragile sedimentary rock formations. The terrain consists of steep ridges, deep valleys, and numerous seasonal streams (choes). The elevation ranges from 250 to 1,000 meters above sea level. The soil composition varies from sandy loam to clay, supporting diverse vegetation. The park's geological features are typical of the Shiwalik ecosystem, with exposed sedimentary rocks dating back to the Tertiary period.
Kalesar National Park was established in 2003 to protect the rich biodiversity of the Shiwalik Hills region. Previously, it was a wildlife sanctuary since 1967. The park gets its name from the Kalesar Mahadev temple located within its boundaries. The area has historical significance as it was once part of the ancient trade routes connecting the plains to the hills, and served as hunting grounds for local rulers. The park's establishment marked a significant step in conservation efforts in Haryana, protecting one of the few remaining natural forests in the state.
Key attractions include the Yamuna River flowing along the eastern boundary, creating a natural wildlife corridor. The Kalesar Mahadev temple is a significant religious and historical site within the park. The park offers several nature trails and watchtowers for wildlife viewing and bird watching. The interpretation center provides valuable information about the park's ecosystem. The presence of ancient sal trees, some over 100 years old, adds to the park's ecological significance. The park also features several scenic viewpoints offering panoramic views of the Shiwalik range.
Kalesar National Park experiences a subtropical climate with distinct seasonal variations. Summers (April to June) are hot with temperatures reaching up to 45°C, while winters (November to February) are cool with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 20°C. The monsoon season occurs from July to September, bringing moderate to heavy rainfall. The best time to visit is between October and March when the weather is pleasant and wildlife sightings are more frequent. The park may have limited accessibility during peak monsoon months due to heavy rainfall.
India
30.3830°, 77.5170°
2003
46.82
Kalesar National Park is situated in the Shivalik hills and features sal forests and rich biodiversity. The park provides habitat for leopards, elephants, and various deer species. It is an important corridor for wildlife movement between neighboring protected areas.