The park supports a rich variety of wildlife, particularly birds and marine life. The coastal waters are home to sea turtles, including the hawksbill and green turtle species, which nest on the park's beaches. Various species of crabs, including the ghost crab, inhabit the beach areas. The park's bird population includes frigate birds, seagulls, sandpipers, and the scarlet ibis. Marine life in the area includes dolphins, which can often be spotted from the shore, and numerous fish species in the lagoons and coastal waters. The mangrove areas serve as important nurseries for various marine species and provide habitat for crustaceans.
The park's vegetation is characterized by diverse coastal ecosystems, including restinga (coastal tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests), mangroves, and dune vegetation. The plant species have adapted to survive in sandy soils with high salt content and strong winds. Notable species include the carnaúba palm (Copernicia prunifera), which is endemic to northeastern Brazil, various cacti species, and coastal shrubs like the beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae). The mangrove areas host several species of mangrove trees, while the dune vegetation includes hardy grasses and succulents that help stabilize the sandy terrain.
The park's distinctive landscape features a remarkable combination of white sand dunes, crystalline lagoons, and rocky cliffs. The most prominent geological features are the mobile dunes, which can reach heights of up to 30 meters and constantly shift with the wind. The area sits on a foundation of crystalline basement rocks, with more recent quaternary deposits forming the coastal features. The famous Pedra Furada, a natural rock arch formation, was created through centuries of wind and water erosion of the sandstone cliffs. The park's geology also includes extensive mangrove areas, beach ridges, and interdune valleys that form temporary lagoons during the rainy season.
Jericoacoara was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes before Portuguese colonization in the 16th century. The area remained a small, isolated fishing village until the 1980s when it was discovered by international tourists seeking pristine beaches and ideal wind conditions for surfing. In 2002, the region was designated as Jericoacoara National Park to protect its unique ecosystem and natural beauty. The name 'Jericoacoara' comes from the indigenous Tupi language, meaning 'house of the turtles.' The transformation from a remote fishing village to a national park and international tourist destination has been carefully managed to preserve its natural character and prevent overdevelopment.
The park's most iconic landmark is Pedra Furada, a natural rock arch formation that's particularly spectacular at sunset. The Duna do Pôr do Sol (Sunset Dune) is another major attraction, where visitors gather daily to watch the sun sink into the ocean. The park features several freshwater lagoons, including Lagoa do Paraíso and Lagoa Azul, known for their crystal-clear waters. The main beach, Praia Principal, stretches for kilometers and is famous for its perfect conditions for wind and kitesurfing. The village of Jericoacoara itself, with its unpaved streets and rustic charm, is considered a notable feature, maintaining strict building codes to preserve its traditional character and minimize environmental impact.
Jericoacoara enjoys a tropical climate with consistently warm temperatures throughout the year, averaging between 25-30°C (77-86°F). The region experiences two distinct seasons: a dry season from July to December with steady trade winds making it perfect for wind and kitesurfing, and a rainy season from January to June. The strongest winds occur between August and November, reaching speeds of up to 40 knots. Despite being in the tropics, the area receives relatively low rainfall compared to other parts of Brazil, with most precipitation occurring in March and April. The combination of steady winds and sunny days creates ideal conditions for both water sports enthusiasts and beach lovers.
Brazil
-2.8000°, -40.5000°
2002
89
Known for its stunning dunes, lagoons, and pristine beaches. The park features unique landscapes including the famous Pedra Furada rock formation. It's a popular destination for windsurfing and kitesurfing due to consistent trade winds.