The park is home to a rich diversity of wildlife, particularly birds, with over 250 species recorded, including both resident and migratory species. Notable birds include herons, pelicans, frigatebirds, and various species of waterfowl. The lagoons support populations of crocodiles, primarily the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus), and various fish species important for local fisheries. Marine turtles, including olive ridley and leatherback turtles, nest on the park's beaches. The mangrove ecosystem harbors numerous crustaceans, mollusks, and fish species, making it an important nursery for marine life.
The park boasts diverse vegetation zones including mangrove forests, tropical deciduous forest, and coastal dunes. Four species of mangroves dominate the lagoon areas: red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), and button mangrove (Conocarpus erectus). The tropical forest areas contain species such as parota, ceiba, and various palm trees. Coastal dune vegetation includes beach morning glory, sea grape, and numerous succulent species. The park's plant life plays a crucial role in protecting the coastline and providing habitat for wildlife.
The park's geological formation is characterized by coastal plains, sand dunes, and a complex system of lagoons formed over thousands of years through the interaction of ocean currents, river sediments, and tectonic activity. The area features five interconnected lagoons: Chacahua, Pastoría, Salina, Honda, and Palmarito. The coastline consists of sandy beaches backed by quaternary deposits, while the inland areas include alluvial plains and low hills. The lagoon system is separated from the Pacific Ocean by sand bars and barrier islands, creating a unique hydrological environment that supports the park's diverse ecosystems.
Established in 1937, Chacahua National Park was one of Mexico's first protected areas. The region has been inhabited since pre-Hispanic times by indigenous communities, primarily the Mixtec and Chatino peoples. The park's name comes from the Mixtec words 'chaca' (sand) and 'hua' (hill). The area played a significant role in Mexico's colonial period as a refuge for escaped slaves, who formed communities that contributed to the region's rich cultural heritage. The park was created to protect the unique ecosystem of coastal lagoons and mangroves, as well as to preserve the traditional fishing practices of local communities who have lived in the area for generations.
Key attractions include the bioluminescent lagoons, where microorganisms create a stunning natural light show at night. The park's lighthouse offers panoramic views of the coastline and lagoon system. The five interconnected lagoons provide opportunities for boat tours, bird watching, and fishing. The pristine beaches are excellent for surfing and swimming, while the mangrove channels are perfect for kayaking and eco-tours. The park also features several small fishing villages where visitors can experience local culture and cuisine. The sunset views from Chacahua Point are particularly spectacular, and the area is known for its excellent opportunities to observe sea turtle nesting between July and January.
Chacahua National Park experiences a tropical savanna climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. Average temperatures range from 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F) throughout the year. The rainy season occurs from June to October, with September being the wettest month. The dry season runs from November to May, offering more stable conditions for visitors. Humidity levels remain high year-round due to the coastal location, and the area receives approximately 1,000mm of rainfall annually. The best time to visit is during the dry season when weather conditions are more predictable and access to various areas of the park is easier.
Mexico
15.9650°, -97.7260°
1937
132.73
A coastal park featuring lagoons, mangroves, and tropical forests. The park is an important nesting site for sea turtles and various bird species. It includes several pristine beaches and offers opportunities for wildlife viewing and water activities.