The archipelago is renowned for its marine biodiversity, serving as a critical convergence point for pelagic species. The waters host large populations of manta rays, sharks (including hammerheads and whale sharks), humpback whales, and numerous tropical fish species. The islands themselves support several endemic bird species, including the Socorro dove (extinct in the wild) and the Socorro mockingbird. The area is particularly famous among divers for reliable encounters with giant oceanic manta rays, which use the islands as a cleaning station.
Despite their volcanic origin and isolation, the islands support diverse plant communities with over 200 recorded species, including 36 endemic varieties. Socorro Island hosts the most diverse vegetation, featuring mixed forests of fig trees, palo santo, and the endemic Socorro palm. The landscape varies from arid coastal zones with hardy succulents to higher elevation areas supporting dense vegetation and unique tree ferns, creating distinct ecological zones across the archipelago.
The archipelago consists of four volcanic islands - Socorro, Clarión, San Benedicto, and Roca Partida - formed by submarine volcanic activity along the Mathematician Ridge. Socorro, the largest island at 132 square kilometers, features the active volcano Mount Evermann which last erupted in 1993. The islands' dramatic topography includes steep cliffs, volcanic craters, and lava fields, with some areas still showing evidence of recent volcanic activity through fumaroles and hot springs.
First discovered by Spanish explorers in the early 16th century, the archipelago was named after Juan Vicente de Güemes, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo, who served as viceroy of New Spain. The islands remained largely uninhabited throughout history, serving primarily as stopping points for pirates and whalers. In 1957, the Mexican navy established a permanent base on Socorro Island, and in 2016, UNESCO designated the archipelago as a World Heritage site in recognition of its unique biodiversity and geological significance.
The archipelago's most distinctive features include Mount Evermann's imposing 1,130-meter peak on Socorro, the dramatic spire formation of Roca Partida rising vertically from the ocean, and the pristine coral reefs surrounding all four islands. The region's isolation and protected status have preserved its ecosystems in near-pristine condition, making it one of the few places worldwide where large marine species can be observed in significant numbers. The islands also serve as important breeding grounds for seabirds and feature unique geological formations such as volcanic calderas and lava tubes.
The Revillagigedo Archipelago experiences a tropical maritime climate with two distinct seasons. From November to May, conditions are generally dry and pleasant with temperatures averaging 70-80°F (21-27°C), while June through October brings higher humidity and occasional tropical storms with temperatures reaching up to 85°F (29°C). The surrounding waters maintain a fairly constant temperature between 75-80°F (24-27°C) year-round, though thermoclines can create colder patches at depth. Strong winds and currents are common, particularly around Socorro Island.
Mexico
19.3830°, -110.9500°
1994
636685
This archipelago consists of four volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is known for its unique ecosystem and marine biodiversity. The islands serve as critical habitat for many species of seabirds and are a popular destination for diving.