The park supports a rich array of wildlife, including 48 mammal species, 254 bird species, and numerous reptiles and amphibians. Key species include orangutans, clouded leopards, sun bears, and gibbons. The park serves as a crucial habitat for endangered species like the proboscis monkey and hornbills. Recent surveys have also identified several endemic species of insects and small mammals, highlighting the park's importance for biodiversity conservation.
The park harbors exceptional botanical diversity with over 817 recorded plant species, including 194 species of medicinal plants. The vegetation transitions from lowland dipterocarp forest to montane forest at higher elevations. Notable species include various rattan varieties, ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri), and numerous orchid species. The park is also home to the parasitic Rafflesia plant, one of the world's largest flowers, making it a significant site for botanical research.
The park is dominated by the Schwaner Mountains, featuring two prominent peaks: Mount Baka (1,620m) and Mount Raya (2,278m). The landscape consists of ancient volcanic formations, metamorphic rock, and sedimentary deposits dating back to the Cretaceous period. Steep valleys, ridges, and numerous watercourses characterize the terrain, with soil types ranging from nutrient-poor podzols to more fertile alluvial deposits in the lowlands.
The national park was established in 1992 through the merger of two existing protected areas - Bukit Baka Nature Reserve and Bukit Raya Nature Reserve. The region has historical significance for local Dayak communities who have inhabited the area for generations, using traditional forest management practices. The park's creation aimed to protect both the unique ecosystem and the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples while preserving crucial watershed areas for West and Central Kalimantan.
Beyond its biodiversity, the park features spectacular waterfalls, crystal-clear rivers, and panoramic mountain vistas. Traditional Dayak villages on the park's periphery offer cultural experiences, while ancient forest trails provide opportunities for trekking and wildlife observation. The park's watershed role is crucial, supplying water to major rivers in both West and Central Kalimantan provinces. Research stations within the park facilitate ongoing scientific studies of tropical forest ecosystems.
Bukit Baka Bukit Raya experiences a tropical rainforest climate with high rainfall throughout the year, particularly from October to March during the wet season. Average temperatures range from 25-30°C (77-86°F) in the lowlands but can drop significantly at higher elevations. The park's mountainous terrain creates distinct microclimates, with morning mists common in the valleys and frequent afternoon thunderstorms. Humidity levels typically remain between 75-90% year-round, creating ideal conditions for the park's rich biodiversity.
Indonesia
0.6520°, 112.2500°
1992
1810
Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park spans two provinces and protects a significant portion of the upper Schwaner mountain range. The park features dense tropical rainforest and is home to numerous endangered species including orangutans and clouded leopards. The area contains some of the highest peaks in Borneo, with Mount Raya reaching 2,278 meters.